Sanaani Arabic

San'ani Arabic is a Arabic dialect.

The Sanaani dialect is distinguished among Yemeni dialects by its use of the [ɡ] sound in the place of the classical Arabic /q/ (ق qāf ), as well as its preservation of the classical Arabic palatal pronunciation of /ɟ/ (ج ǧim ).

Along with these phonological similarities to other dialects, San'ani Arabic also has several unique features.  It uses the classical mā in the meaning of "what", as well as in negations. Unlike the classical usage, this mā is used without distinction in verbal and nominal sentences alike.  San'ani Arabic represents the future aspect with a complex array of prefixes, depending on the person of the verb.  For first-person verbs the prefix (ša-) or (‘ad) is used.  The derivation of (ša-) is apparently related to the classical (sa-), and (‘ad) is likely an abbreviation of (ba‘d), meaning "after".  For all other persons in San'a proper the simple prefix (‘a-) is used, although many of the villages around San'a extend the use of (ša-) for all persons.

San'ani syntax differs from other Arabic dialects in a number of ways.  It is one of few remaining Arabic dialects to retain the mā af‘al exclamatory sentence type with the meaning "how (adjective)".  For instance, mā ajmal, is used to mean "how beautiful", from the adjective jamīl, meaning "beautiful"; a construction it shares with Libyan Arabic and Levantine Arabic.

The San'ani vocabulary is also very distinct and conservative.  The classical verb sāra, yasīr is retained with the meaning of "to go" (similar to Moroccan).  Shalla, yashill is used to mean "to take/get".

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