San Martín Tilcajete
| San Martín or Tilcajete | |
|---|---|
| Town & Municipality | |
| San Martín Tilcajete | |
Woman looking at Alebrijes for sale at the weekly market
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 San Martín or Tilcajete
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| Coordinates: 16°51′32″N 96°41′42″W / 16.85889°N 96.69500°WCoordinates: 16°51′32″N 96°41′42″W / 16.85889°N 96.69500°W | |
| Country |
 Mexico
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| State | Oaxaca |
| Founded | Around 1600 (modern settlement) |
| Municipal Status | 1883 |
| Government | |
| • Municipal President | Hugo Gómez Mendez (2008-2010) |
| Area | |
| • Municipality | 26.79 km2 (10.34 sq mi) |
| Elevation (of seat) | 1,540 m (5,050 ft) |
| Population (2005) Municipality | |
| • Municipality | 1,631 |
| • Seat | 1,624 |
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) |
| Postal code (of seat) | 71506 |
| Area code(s) | 951 |
San Martín Tilcajete is a town and municipality located about 23 kilometres (14 mi) from the city of Oaxaca, in the state of Oaxaca, in the south of Mexico. It is part of the Ocotlán District in the south of the Valles Centrales Region
The municipality is small and rural with all but seven of its 1,631 residents living in the town (as of the 2005 Mexican Census[update]). It is a traditional and historically Zapotec village. The Zapotec language was lost three generations ago, but the municipal government falls under the legal category of “traditional uses and customs” based on ancient community norms. The community is best known for its production of “alebrijes,” which are wood carvings of real or fantastic creatures painted in bright colors and intricate patterns.
An early name for the area was Zapotitlán, referring to the large number of black sapote trees that were in the area; however, these trees are rare today. The current name is derived from the Nahuatl "Tilcaxitl" which means either “black earth depression or bowl” or “mountain of cochineal ink.” The first would refer to a dark fresh water spring, which today is located between Calle de Cajete and Avenida Progreso. The latter meaning would refer to the fact that in antiquity, residents here were known for making ink and dye from the cochineal insect. Another possible origin for the name comes from “tilmas” which is a traditional type of apron worn by workmen to protect clothes underneath and to carry things. Today tilmas are most often seen as part of the costume worn for the Danza de la Pluma. The prefix of San Martin was added in honor of the bishop of Tours, France.
Tilcajete is historically a Zapotec indigenous community, like the rest of the Ocotlán district that surrounds it. First settlements there date back to 1150 BCE. From that time to about 500–100 BCE, the entire Oaxaca Valley was filled with small independent villages. Sometime around the beginning of the Common Era, these villages began to coalesce into larger political units, via alliances or domination of neighbors. The rise of Monte Albán around 100 CE eventually finalized this process into a single hierarchy. As part of the Ocotlán territory, Tilcajete first became subject to El Mogote around 200 BCE. When this site was abandoned a short time later, the area saw the rise of another center in what is now called La Palenque. Warfare required the move of the community among three separate locations around this time. The Ocotlán region probably came under the domination of Monte Albán between 300 and 100 BCE, but some argue that the area was independent of Monte Albán until as late as 300 CE.
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Wikipedia