Sammarinese Communist Party
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Sanmarinese Communist Party
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|---|---|
| Founded | 1921 |
| Dissolved | 1990 |
| Succeeded by | Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party |
| Ideology | Communism |
The Communist Party of San Marino (Partito Comunista di San Marino, PCS), also known as the Sammarinese Communist Party, was a Marxist political party in the small European republic of San Marino. It was founded in 1921 as a section of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI). The organization existed for its first two decades as an underground political organization in a nation dominated by adherents of fascism.
Between 1945 and the spring of 1957, the PCS governed the country in coalition with the Sammarinese Socialist Party (PSS), with the coalition losing power with a split of 10 social democratic parliamentary deputies from the latter organization. An attempt to abrogate elections through a coup d'état followed in September 1957, which was halted by intervention of the government of Italy.
The PCS returned to membership in a governing parliamentary coalition in 1978, with its adherents remaining as part of the leadership group until 1992. In 1991, with the fall of the Soviet Union, the PCS formally renounced communism and relaunched itself Sammarinese Democratic Progressive Party (PPDS).
San Marino is a European microstate, considered the third smallest in Europe with an area of just 61 square kilometers (24 square miles). Despite its small size and tiny population, the tiny nation — wholly surrounded by Italy — was the home of a communist political party from 1921, the Communist Party of San Marino, (Partito Communista di San Marino), or PCS. The organization was established as a section of the Communist Party of Italy (PCI).
The party's first two decades were spent in the political underground, as San Marino was dominated — as was Italy — by the fascist movement in the form of the Sammarinese Fascist Party, which held all 60 of the seats in the country's unicameral parliament from the election of 1923 until the end of the Second World War in 1945. The party was refounded in 1940 under the leadership of Ermenegildo Gasperoni (1906-1994).
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