Communist Party of Italy
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Communist Party of Italy
Partito Comunista d'Italia |
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|---|---|
 |
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| Secretaries |
Nicola Bombacci Amadeo Bordiga Antonio Gramsci Palmiro Togliatti |
| Founded | 21 January 1921 |
| Dissolved | 5 November 1926 |
| Split from | Italian Socialist Party |
| Succeeded by | Italian Communist Party |
| Headquarters | Porta Venezia, Milano |
| Newspaper | L'Unità |
| Ideology |
Communism Marxism-Leninism |
| Political position | Far-left |
| International affiliation | Comintern |
| Colours | Red |
The Communist Party of Italy (Partito Comunista d’Italia, PCd'I) was a communist political party in Italy which existed from 1921 to 1926. That year it was outlawed by Benito Mussolini's fascist regime. In 1943, the name was changed to the Italian Communist Party.
The forerunner of the party was the Communist Faction which began in 1912. The Communist Faction was part of the Communist International, commonly known as the Comintern.
The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921, following a split in the Italian Socialist Party on their 17th congress. The split occurred after the socialist Congress of Livorno refused to expel the reformist group as required by the Comintern. The L'Ordine Nuovo group in Turin led by Antonio Gramsci and the "culturalist" current led by Angelo Tasca joined the Communist Faction in the new party.
The Comintern, PCI was structured as a single world party according to Vladimir Lenin's vision. Therefore, its official name was the Communist Party of Italy, Section of the Communist International. This official name remained until 1943 when Communist International was dropped, and the party simply became the Italian Communist Party (Partito Comunista Italiano, or PCI).
This change was not surprising as PCI started being used as the party's acronym around 1924–1925. This name change also reflected a change in the Comintern's role—it increasingly became a federation of national Communist parties. This trend accelerated after Lenin’s death. Its new name emphasized the party's shift from an international focus to an Italian one. At the time, it was a hotly contested issue for the two major factions of the party. On one side, the Leninist preferred the single world party as it was internationalist and strongly centralized; on the other side, the Italians wanted a party more tailored to their nation's peculiarities and wanted more autonomy.
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