Salt crystal

Sodium chloride
Names


IUPAC name Sodium chloride
Other names Common salt Halite Rock salt Saline Sodium chloride Table salt Regular salt Sea salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	7647-14-5^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	3534976
ChEBI	CHEBI:26710^Y
ChemSpider	5044^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.726
EC Number	231-598-3
Gmelin Reference	13673
KEGG	D02056^Y
MeSH	Sodium+chloride
PubChem CID	5234
RTECS number	VZ4725000
UNII	451W47IQ8X^Y
InChI InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1^Y Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M^Y InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-REWHXWOFAE
SMILES [Na+].[Cl-]
Properties
Chemical formula	NaCl
Molar mass	58.44 g mol⁻¹
Appearance	Colorless crystals
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.165 g/cm³
Melting point	801 °C (1,474 °F; 1,074 K)
Boiling point	1,413 °C (2,575 °F; 1,686 K)
Solubility in water	359 g/L
Solubility in ammonia	21.5 g/L
Solubility in methanol	14.9 g/L
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−30.3·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (n_D)	1.5442 (at 589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	Face-centered cubic (see text), cF8
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Lattice constant	a = 564.02 pm
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Na⁺) Octahedral (Cl⁻)
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	36.79 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
Std molar entropy (S^o₂₉₈)	72.11 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^o₂₉₈)	−411.12 kJ mol⁻¹
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12CA01 (WHO) B05CB01 (WHO), B05XA03 (WHO), S01XA03 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet	See: data page
NFPA 704	0 0 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	3 g/kg (oral, rats)
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium fluoride Sodium bromide Sodium iodide Sodium astatide
Other cations	Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Rubidium chloride Caesium chloride Francium chloride
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (ε_r), etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, also known as salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g·mol⁻¹, respectively, 100 g of NaCl contain 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In the form of edible or table salt it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as for further chemical syntheses. A second major application of sodium chloride is de-icing of roadways in sub-freezing weather.

In addition to the familiar domestic uses of salt, more dominant applications of the approximately 250 megatons/year production (2008 data) include chemicals and de-icing.

Salt is used, directly or indirectly, in the production of many chemicals, which consume most of the world's production.

It is the starting point for the chloralkali process, which provides the world with chlorine and sodium hydroxide according to the chemical equation

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