Safwan ibn Muattal

Ṣafwān ibn al-Muʿaṭṭal al-Sulamī (d. 638 or 679) was a sahaba (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and an Arab commander in the Muslim conquests. He was one of the first members of the Banu Sulaym to embrace Islam. He was falsely accused, allegedly by the poet Hassan ibn Thabit, of having an affair with Muhammad's wife Aisha after the two became separated from a Medina-bound caravan. Medieval reports about this affair are contradictory and the veracity of the incident has been questioned by historian Gautier H. A. Juynboll. Later, Safwan became a commander and moved from Medina to Basra during the Muslim conquest of that region. Afterward, he took part in the military campaigns against the Byzantines in al-Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia) and Armenia, where he is said to have been slain. However, other reports mention that he died decades later as governor of Armenia.

Safwan ibn al-Mu'attal belonged to the Dhakwan clan of the large Banu Sulaym tribe. His year of birth is not recorded in the sources. Most of the Sulaym inhabited the al-Harrah region and many members of the Dhakwan lived in the city of Mecca where they maintained close ties with the Quraysh; Safwan was an exception among the Dhakwan and lived in Medina. He converted to Islam just prior to the prophet Muhammad's expedition to the al-Muraysi well in 627.

Safwan became the subject of a controversy following the expedition when he and Muhammad's wife Aisha became separated from the caravan returning to Medina. Rumors circulated that they had an illicit affair, but the allegations turned out to be false. Safwan blamed the well-known Arab poet Hassan ibn Thabit for spreading the rumor and is said to have struck him in the head with a sword out of anger. Hassan complained to Muhammad, who compensated him either by offering Hassan an Egyptian bride or a piece of land; in return, Sa'd ibn Ubadah, a prominent Muslim from Medina, made Hassan relinquish his demand for retribution against Safwan, who was essentially unpunished for his action. Historian Gautier H. A. Juynboll asserts that the veracity of the stories surrounding the alleged incident between Safwan, Aisha and Hassan ibn Thabit are "hard to establish; they may be no more than background embellishments of Safwan's role in the affair, assuming then that the tale is historically tenable".

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