Sabr (Islamic term)

Sabr (Arabic: صَبْرٌ‎‎ ṣabr) is the Islamic virtue of "patience" or "endurance" or more accurately "perseverance" and "persistence".Ṣabr is characterized as being one of the two parts of faith (the other being shukr). It teaches to remain spiritually steadfast, and to keep doing good actions in the personal and collective domain, specifically when facing opposition or encountering problems, setbacks, or unexpected and unwanted results.It is patience in face of all unexpected and unwanted outcome.

Arabic lexicographers suggest that the root ṣ-b-r, of which ṣabr is the nomen actionis, means to bind or restrain. The word ṣabr has a special technical application in the expression yamīn aṣ-ṣabr (يمين الصبر), which is a term used to describe perjury.

In the Quran, words that are derived from the root ṣ-b-r occur frequently, with the general meaning of persisting on the right path when under adverse circumstance, whether internal or external, personal or collective. For example, Muhammad is told to be patient like the Apostles of God before him (38:16); (46:34). The Qur'an promises those who face difficulty and yet persist on the right path, a double reward (33:113, 28:54). The concept is also in jihad, (3:140) where it is translated as "endurance" or "tenacity". It is also used when God commands Muslims to serve Him: XIX, 66, "Serve him and persevere in his service." (19:66). Sometimes ṣabr is associated with the salāt (2:42, 2:148). According to the Qur'an commentators, ṣabr in these passages is synonymous with fasting, as the month of Ramadan was given the name s̲h̲ahr ṣabr (meaning month of patience).

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