S-75 Dvina
| S-75 Lea / V-750 SA-2 Guideline |
|
|---|---|
S-75 including V-750 missile on camouflaged launcher
|
|
| Type | Strategic SAM system |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1957–present |
| Used by | See list of present and former operators |
| Wars | Vietnam War, Six-Day War, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, Yom Kippur War, Cold War, Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War, War in Abkhazia (1992–93) |
| Production history | |
| Designer |
Raspletin KB-1 (head developer), |
| Designed | 1953–1957 |
| Produced | 1957 |
| No. built | Approx 4600 launchers produced |
| Variants | S-75 Dvina, S-75M-2 Volkhov-M, S-75 Desna, S-75M Volkhov, S-75M Volga |
| Specifications (V-750) | |
| Weight | 2,300 kg (5,100 lb) |
| Length | 10,600 mm (420 in) |
| Diameter | 700 mm (28 in) |
| Warhead | Frag-HE |
| Warhead weight | 200 kg (440 lb) |
|
Detonation
mechanism |
Command |
|
|
|
| Propellant | Solid-fuel booster and a storable liquid-fuel upper stage |
|
Operational
range |
45 km (28 mi) |
| Flight altitude | 25,000 m (82,000 ft) |
| Boost time | 5 s boost, then 20 s sustain |
| Speed | Mach 3.5 |
|
Guidance
system |
Radio control command guidance |
| Accuracy | 65 m |
|
Launch
platform |
Single rail, ground mounted (not mobile) |
Raspletin KB-1 (head developer),
Grushin MKB Fakel (missile developer),
The S-75 Dvina (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance. Since its first deployment in 1957 it has become the most widely deployed air defence system in history. It scored the first destruction of an enemy aircraft by a surface-to-air missile, shooting down a Taiwanese Martin RB-57D Canberra over China, on 7 October 1959, hitting it with three V-750 (1D) missiles at an altitude of 20 km (65,600 ft). This success was attributed to Chinese fighter aircraft at the time in order to keep the S-75 program secret.
This system first gained international fame when an S-75 battery, using the newer, longer-range and higher-altitude V-750VN (13D) missile was deployed in the 1960 U-2 incident, when it shot down the U-2 of Francis Gary Powers overflying the Soviet Union on May 1, 1960. The system was also deployed in Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when it shot down another U-2 (piloted by Rudolf Anderson) overflying Cuba on October 27, 1962, almost precipitating a nuclear war. North Vietnamese forces used the S-75 extensively during the Vietnam War to defend Hanoi and Haiphong. It has also been locally produced in the People's Republic of China using the names HQ-1 and HQ-2.
In the early 1950s, the United States Air Force rapidly accelerated its development of long-range jet bombers carrying nuclear weapons. The USAF program led to the deployment of Boeing B-47 Stratojet supported by aerial refueling aircraft to extend its range deep into the Soviet Union. The USAF quickly followed the B-47 with the development of the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, which had greater range and payload than the B-47. The range, speed, and payload of these U.S. bombers posed a significant threat to the Soviet Union in the event of a war between the two countries.
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Wikipedia