Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (1894)

Petropavlovsk in Kronstadt, 1899
History
Russian Empire
Name:	Petropavlosk
Namesake:	Battle of Petropavlovsk
Builder:	Galerniy Yard, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Laid down:	19 May 1892
Launched:	1 November 1894
In service:	1899
Fate:	Sunk by mine off Port Arthur, 13 April 1904 (31 March O.S.)
General characteristics
Class and type:	Petropavlovsk-class pre-dreadnought battleship
Displacement:	11,842 long tons (12,032 t)
Length:	376 ft (115 m)
Beam:	70 ft (21 m)
Draft:	28 ft 3 in (8.61 m)
Installed power:	10,600 shp (7,900 kW) 16 cylindrical coal-fired boilers
Propulsion:	2 shafts 2 vertical triple-expansion steam engines
Speed:	16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph)
Range:	3,750 nmi (6,940 km; 4,320 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement:	662
Armament:	2 × twin 12 in (305 mm) guns 4 × twin, 4 × single 6 in (152 mm) guns 10 × single 47 mm (1.9 in) guns 28 × single 37 mm (1.5 in) guns 4 × 15-inch (381 mm) above-water torpedo tubes 2 × 18-inch (457 mm) submerged torpedo tubes
Armor:	Nickel steel Armor Belt: 8–12 in (203–305 mm) Turrets: 10 in (254 mm) Secondary turrets: 5 in (127 mm) Conning tower: 9 in (229 mm) Deck: 3 in (76 mm)

Petropavlovsk (Петропавловск) was the lead ship of the Petropavlovsk class of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy. She displaced 11,854 long tons (12,044 t) at full load and was 369 feet (112.5 m) long overall, and mounted a main battery of four 12-inch (305 mm) guns in two twin turrets. Petropavlovsk participated in the Boxer Rebellion, and during the Russo-Japanese War was the flagship of the First Pacific Squadron, taking part in battles against the Imperial Japanese Navy. On 13 April 1904, the battleship was sunk after striking two mines near Port Arthur. 652 men and 27 officers died, including the Vice Admiral Stepan Makarov and renowned war artist Vasily Vereshchagin. The loss of Petropavlovsk and Makarov greatly hindered the Russians in the war.

The first design for Petropavlovsk and her sister ships of the Petropavlovsk class was approved in January 1891. She was to be an improved version of the battleship Imperator Nikolai I, but with most of her armament in barbettes, including four 12-inch (305 mm) guns. The class was designed with a displacement of 10,960 long tons (11,136 t) at full load. She had a full waterline belt, and the upper hull featured a tumblehome. Imperator Nikolai I was chosen as a starting point for the design because of her good seakeeping and seaworthiness. Some characteristics were copied from the French battleship Brennus and the American Indiana-class battleships, such as the flush-deck hull and Brennus' high freeboard.

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