Russian–Manchu border conflicts

Sino-Russian border conflicts
Qing Empire forces storming the fort of Albazin
Date 1652 – 1689 Location Heilongjiang and Priamurye Result Chinese victory Treaty of Nerchinsk
Belligerents
Qing dynasty Joseon	Tsardom of Russia Cossacks
Commanders and leaders
Kangxi Emperor Haise (海色) Hife () Minggadari (明安达理) Sarhuda Lin Hsing-chu Ho Yu Byeon Geup Shin Ryu	Yerofey Khabarov Onufriy Stepanov Afanasy Pashkov Alexei Tolbuzin Afanasy Beiton
Strength
Qing: 3,000 men including both Manchu Bannermen and Han Chinese soldiers Joseon: 200 gunners; 60 officers and interpreters	Russia: 2,000 men
Casualties and losses
Qing: several hundreds (debated) Joseon: 32 (7 killed, 24 injured, 1 died from wounds)	Russia: ~800 men

The Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689) were a series of intermittent skirmishes between the Qing dynasty, with assistance from the Joseon dynasty of Korea, and the Tsardom of Russia by the Cossacks in which the latter tried and failed to gain the land north of the Amur River with disputes over the Amur region.The hostilities culminated in the Qing siege of the Cossack fort of Albazin (1686) and resulted in the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689 which gave the land to China.

The southeast corner of Siberia south of the Stanovoy Mountains was twice contested between Russia and China. Hydrologically, the Stanovoy Mountains separate the rivers that flow north into the Arctic from those that flow south into the Amur River. Ecologically, the area is the southeastern edge of the Siberian boreal forest with some areas good for agriculture. Socially and politically, from about 600 AD, it was the northern fringe of the Chinese-Manchu world. Various Chinese and Manchu-like states would claim sovereignty, build forts and collect tribute when they were strong enough. There were posts at Haishenwai (Vladivostok), Boli (Khabarovsk), Deren on the lower Amur, and Tyr above Nikolaevsk-on-Amur.

In 1643, Russian adventurers spilled over the Stanovoys, but by 1689 they were driven back by the Qing. In 1859/60 the area was annexed by Russia and quickly filled up with a Russian population.

1639-1643 : Campaign led by Manchus against the indigenous rulers of the region

1643-1644 : Vasili Poyarkov

1649-1653 : Yerofey Khabarov

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Wikipedia