Rubens Paiva (December 26, 1929 – January 1971) was a Brazilian civil engineer and politician who became a victim of torture and forced disappearance during the military dictatorship in Brazil.
Rubens Paiva was born in Santos, São Paulo. He was son of Jaime Almeida Paiva, a lawyer and a farmer, and Araci Beyrodt. He was married to Maria Lucrécia Eunice Facciolla Paiva, with whom he had five children: Marcelo Rubens Paiva, Vera Silvia Facciolla Paiva, Maria Eliana Facciolla Paiva, Ana Lucia Facciolla Paiva and Maria Beatriz Facciolla Paiva.
He graduated from the Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, in São Paulo, with a BA in Civil Engineering in 1954. He joined the "Oil is ours" nationalist campaign as a member of the student council. During his college years, he was the president of the Academic Center of the Civil Engineering Students and vice-president for the São Paulo Union of Students.
Paiva's political career began to rise on October 1962, when he was elected Congressman for the State of São Paulo by the Brazilian Labour Party. He took office in February of the next year and participated in the Investigation Committee created to examine the activities of both the Institute for Social Research and Studies (Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Sociais) and the Brazilian Institute for Democratic Action (Instituto Brasileiro de Ação Democrática). Those two organizations were supposedly funding commentators and writers who warned about the "red menace" in Brazil. The Committee discovered that some checks were being deposited in the accounts of military officers; this scheme was sponsoring the upcoming coup d'état. With the 1964 coup, Paiva had his mandate revoked by the junta on April 10, 1964.