Republican France
| French Republic | ||||||||||
| République française | ||||||||||
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.svg) Flag (until 1794)
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Motto Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité ou la Mort |
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Anthem "La Marseillaise" |
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 French Republic (1801)
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| Capital | Paris | |||||||||
| Languages |
French (official) Occitan, Breton, Dutch, Basque |
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| Religion |
Constitutional Church (21 September 1792—18 September 1794) Cult of Reason (October 1793—March 1794) Cult of the Supreme Being (7 May 1794—28 July 1794) Secular state (21 February 1795—?) Culte décadaire (3 February 1798—?) Roman Catholicism Calvinism Lutheranism Judaism (15 July 1801—18 May 1804) |
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| Government | Authoritarian directorial republic | |||||||||
| President of the National Convention | ||||||||||
| • | 1792 | Philippe Rühl (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1795 | Jean Joseph Victor Génissieu (last) | ||||||||
| President of the Directory | ||||||||||
| • | 1795–1799 | By rotation: 3 months duration | ||||||||
| First Consul | ||||||||||
| • | 1799–1804 | Napoléon Bonaparte | ||||||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||||||
| • | Upper house | Council of Ancients (1795–1799) | ||||||||
| • | Lower house |
National Convention (1792–1795) Council of Five Hundred (1795–1799) |
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| Historical era | French Revolutionary Wars | |||||||||
| • | Storming of the Bastille and French Revolution | 14 July 1789 | ||||||||
| • | Overthrow of Louis XVI | 21 September 1792 | ||||||||
| • | Committee of Public Safety and Reign of Terror | 5 September 1793 to 28 July 1794 |
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| • | (First) Abolition of slavery | 4 February 1794 | ||||||||
| • | Thermidorean Reaction | 24 July 1794 | ||||||||
| • | Coup of 18 Brumaire | 9 November 1799 | ||||||||
| • | Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed emperor by the Senate | 18 May 1804 | ||||||||
| Currency | livre (to 1794), franc, assignat | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 France Belgium Germany Netherlands Luxembourg Switzerland
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In the history of France, the First Republic, officially the French Republic (French: République française), was founded on 22 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon, although the form of the government changed several times. This period was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power.
Under the Legislative Assembly, which was in power before the proclamation of the First Republic, France was engaged in war with Prussia and Austria. In July 1792, the Duke of Brunswick, commanding general of the Austro–Prussian Army, issued his Brunswick Manifesto, in which he threatened the destruction of Paris should any harm come to King Louis XVI. The foreign threat exacerbated France's political turmoil amid the French Revolution and deepened the passion and sense of urgency among the various factions. In the violence of 10 August 1792, citizens stormed the Tuileries Palace, killing six hundred of the King's Swiss guards and insisting on the removal of the king. A renewed fear of anti-revolutionary action prompted further violence, and in the first week of September 1792, mobs of Parisians broke into the city's prisons, killing over half of the prisoners. This included nobles, clergymen, and political prisoners, but also numerous common criminals, such as prostitutes and petty thieves, many murdered in their cells—raped, stabbed, and slashed to death. This became known as the September Massacres.
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Wikipedia