Refining salt

Sodium chloride

Names
IUPAC name Sodium chloride
Other names Common salt Halite Rock salt Saline Sodium chloride Table salt Regular salt Sea salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	7647-14-5 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Beilstein Reference	3534976
ChEBI	CHEBI:26710 Y
ChemSpider	5044 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.028.726
EC Number	231-598-3
Gmelin Reference	13673
KEGG	D02056 Y
MeSH	Sodium+chloride
PubChem CID	5234
RTECS number	VZ4725000
UNII	451W47IQ8X Y
InChI InChI=1S/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/ClH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1 Key: FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-REWHXWOFAE
SMILES [Na+].[Cl-]
Properties
Chemical formula	NaCl
Molar mass	58.44 g mol−1
Appearance	Colorless crystals
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.165 g/cm3
Melting point	801 °C (1,474 °F; 1,074 K)
Boiling point	1,413 °C (2,575 °F; 1,686 K)
Solubility in water	359 g/L
Solubility in ammonia	21.5 g/L
Solubility in methanol	14.9 g/L
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−30.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.5442 (at 589 nm)
Structure
Crystal structure	Face-centered cubic (see text), cF8
Space group	Fm3m, No. 225
Lattice constant	a = 564.02 pm
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Na+) Octahedral (Cl−)
Thermochemistry
Specific heat capacity (C)	36.79 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (So298)	72.11 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	−411.12 kJ mol−1
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12CA01 (WHO) B05CB01 (WHO), B05XA03 (WHO), S01XA03 (WHO)
Hazards
Safety data sheet	See: data page
NFPA 704	0 0 0
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	3 g/kg (oral, rats)
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium fluoride Sodium bromide Sodium iodide Sodium astatide
Other cations	Lithium chloride Potassium chloride Rubidium chloride Caesium chloride Francium chloride
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Sodium chloride /ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd/, also known as salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. With molar masses of 22.99 and 35.45 g·mol⁻¹, respectively, 100 g of NaCl contain 39.34 g Na and 60.66 g Cl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of seawater and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. In the form of edible or table salt it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. Large quantities of sodium chloride are used in many industrial processes, and it is a major source of sodium and chlorine compounds used as for further chemical syntheses.

Salt in its natural form is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent. The open ocean has about 35 grams (1.2 oz) of solids per liter, a salinity of 3.5%.

Salt is essential for life in general, and saltiness is one of the basic human tastes. The tissues of animals contain larger quantities of salt than do plant tissues. Salt is one of the oldest and most ubiquitous food seasonings, and salting is an important method of food preservation.