Qing Taiwan
| Taiwan under Qing rule 臺灣清治時期 |
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| Prefecture/Province of the Qing dynasty | |||||
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| Capital | Taiwan-fu (now Tainan) (1683-1885) → Toatun (大墩; now Taichung) (1885-87) → Taipeh-fu (now Taipei) (1887-95) |
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| Government | Qing hierarchy | ||||
| History | |||||
| • | Battle of Penghu | 1683 | |||
| • | Conversion into province | 1885 | |||
| • | Treaty of Shimonoseki | April 17, 1895 | |||
| • | Republic of Formosa declared | 1895 | |||
Taiwan under Qing rule refers to the rule of the Qing dynasty over Formosa (modern-day Taiwan) and the Pescadores (Penghu) from 1683 to 1895. The Qing court sent an army led by general Shi Lang and annexed Taiwan in 1683. It was governed as Taiwan Prefecture of Fujian Province until the declaration of Fujian-Taiwan Province in 1887. Qing rule over Taiwan ended when Taiwan was ceded to Japan by the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
Following the death of Zheng Jing in 1681, the Qing dynasty seized the advantage presented by the struggle for succession and dispatched their navy with Shi Lang at its head to destroy the Zheng fleet off the Penghu Islands. In 1683 following the Battle of Penghu, Qing troops landed in Taiwan. Zheng Keshuang gave in to Qing demands for surrender, and his Kingdom of Tungning was incorporated into the Qing Empire as part of Fujian Province, thereby ending two decades of rule by the Zheng family.
The Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty annexed Taiwan to remove any threat to his dynasty from remaining resistance forces on the island. However, Qing authorities did not want to develop Taiwan over aggressively as this might have encouraged potential resistances force to build a base there. Accordingly, the early Qing dynasty initially ruled Taiwan passively as part of Fujian, until work began to create a separate province in 1885.
In 1721, a Hakka-Fujianese rebellion led by Zhu Yigui captured Taiwan-fu (modern-day Tainan) and briefly established a government reminiscent of the Ming dynasty (see Southern Ming).
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