Qatari–Bahraini War

1867–1868 Qatari-Bahraini War
Map of Bahrain and the Qatari peninsula in 1849
Date 1867–1868 Location Persian gulf Result Ceasefire British intervention and signing of the Treaty of 1868 British recognition of Al Thani in Qatar
Belligerents
Al Thani and allied tribes (including the Bahraini Al Jalahma clan)	Al Khalifa Bahraini tribes Abu Dhabi tribes (in 1867)
Commanders and leaders
	Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa
Strength
	2,700 (in 1867)
Casualties and losses
al-Bida' (modern-day Doha) and Wakra sacked (1867)
1,000 killed, 60 dhows destroyed (1868)

Ceasefire

The Qatari–Bahraini War also known as the Qatari War of Independence was an armed conflict that took place between 1867 and 1868 in the Persian Gulf. The conflict pitted Bahrain and Abu Dhabi against the people of Qatar. The conflict was the most flagrant violation of the 1835 maritime truce, requiring British intervention. The two countries agreed to a truce, mediated by the United Kingdom, which led to Britain recognizing the Al Thani royal family of Qatar as the semi-independent ruler of Qatar. The conflict resulted in wide-scale destruction in both countries.

The 1835 maritime truce was a truce agreed between Arab States of the Persian Gulf states such as Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, the rest of the Trucial States as well as Bahrain and Oman. The truce was supervised by the British Royal Navy (notably the Bombay Marine). In order to enforce a pre-existing peace treaty (the General Maritime Treaty of 1820), the Bombay Marine deployed squadrons to the Persian Gulf, based in Qeshm Island. The treaty prohibited piracy in the Persian Gulf but it did not outlaw maritime warfare, as a result, the British acted differently towards pirates who attacked ships hoisting a British flag (these pirates were deported to Bombay to be tried) and those who attacked other parties' ships (the pirates would then be handed over to the country in question). In 1835, a loose coalition of Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Sharjah and Ras al Khaimah ships began to harass and plunder vessels belonging to Oman. Britain intervened when two British flagged ships were plundered by Abu Dhabi. The Bombay Marine was dispatched and on 16 April 1835, a decisive victory for the British was won, leaving much of the Abu Dhabi vessels in ruins.

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