Principality of Galicia–Volhynia
| Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (1199–1253) Kingdom of Ruthenia (1253–1349) |
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| Old East Slavic: Галицко-Волинскоє князство, Королѣвство Русь | ||||||||||||||
| Vassal state of the Golden Horde (periods are debatable) | ||||||||||||||
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 A map of Central and Eastern Europe during the 13th–14th centuries, showing the Galician–Volhynian Kingdom (center, in dark green).
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| Capital | Volodymyr-Volynsky, Halych, Kholm (Chełm) (1241-1272), Lviv (since 1272) | |||||||||||||
| Languages | Old East Slavic | |||||||||||||
| Religion | Eastern Orthodox Christianity | |||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||||
| Prince, later King | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1199–1205 | Roman the Great | ||||||||||||
| • | 1211–1264 | Daniel of Galicia | ||||||||||||
| • | 1293–1301 | Lev I of Galicia | ||||||||||||
| • | 1301–1308 | Yuri I of Galicia | ||||||||||||
| • | 1308–1323 |
Andrew of Galicia and Lev II of Galicia |
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| • | 1323–1340 | Yuri II | ||||||||||||
| • | 1340–1349 | Demetrius of Liubar | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||||||
| • | Principality | 1199 | ||||||||||||
| • | Kingdom | 1253 | ||||||||||||
| • | Incorporated into Poland | 1349 | ||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Ukraine Poland Belarus Romania Slovakia Moldova
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The Kingdom or Principality of Galicia–Volhynia, (Old Ruthenian: Галицко-Волинскоє князство, Ukrainian: Галицько-Волинське князівство, Polish: Królestwo Galicji-Wołyn, Slovak: Kráľovstvo Galícii-Volyni, Latin: Regnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae), also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia (Old Ruthenian: Королѣвство Русь, Ukrainian: Королівство Русі, Latin: Regnum Russiae) since 1253, was a state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia, of present-day western Ukraine, that was formed after the conquest of Galicia by the Prince of Volhynia Roman the Great with the help of Leszek the White of Poland. Roman the Great united the principalities of Halych (Galicia) and Volhynia into a state that existed from 1199 to 1349. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'.
After the enormous destruction wreaked by the Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1239–41, Prince Danylo Romanovych was forced to pledge allegiance to Batu Khan of the Golden Horde in 1246. He strove to rid his realm of the Mongol yoke, however, by a formal orientation to western Europe (coronation as a "Rex Rusiae" by a papal legate in 1253) and by attempting, unsuccessfully, to establish military alliances with other European rulers. The Polish conquest of the kingdom in 1349 ended its vassalage to the Golden Horde.
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