Preliminary Peace Convention
| Type | bilateral treaty |
|---|---|
| Signed | 27 August 1828 |
| Location | Montevideo |
| Effective | 8 October 1828 |
| Original signatories |
.svg){kind=small} Argentina Brazil
|
| Ratifiers |
Manuel Dorrego, Governor of Buenos Aires Province Pedro I, Emperor of Brazil |
In the Treaty of Montevideo, signed on 27 August 1828, after British mediation, Brazil and Argentina recognized the independence of Uruguay.
Called the Preliminary Peace Convention as a result of the meetings held by representatives from the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces of Río de la Plata — the predecessor state for Argentina — between 11 and 27 August 1828 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This convention, or treaty, accorded independence to Uruguay in respect to Brazil and Argentina. Uruguay's independence would be definitively sealed on 4 October of the same year when, in Montevideo, the signing nations ratified the treaty.
By 1828 the Cisplatine War had been fought to a stalemate with Argentina’s land forces unable to capture any major cities, and Brazil forces pinned down and with severe lack of manpower for a full-scale offensive against Argentine forces. The heavy burden of the war and the increasing unlikelyhood of any positive outcome lead to heavy public pressure in Brazil to end the war through diplomatic channels.
In this context, on 20 February, 1828 Brazil and Argentina decided to begin peace talks with mediation by Great Britain, who also had an interest in a peaceful resolution of the war due to the severe trade impediments the blockade of Buenos Aires had brought to the Plata region.
Lord John Ponsonby was chosen as mediator for the talks and was immediately faced with Argentina’s unwillingness to allow Brazil to retain its sovereignty over Uruguay and by Brazil’s demands to keep its sovereignty over the Missões Orientales, to free navigation in the Plata River and refusal to allow Argentina to annex any area of the Cisplatine Province.
With these considerations in mind, Posonby made a proposal for an independent Uruguay to placate both Brazil and Argentina in order to reestablish peace on La Plata, and conceded to the Brazilian demands regarding its sovereignty over the Missões Orientales and the right to freely navigate in the Plata River.
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