Potassium citrate

Potassium citrate
Names

IUPAC name tripotassium citrate
Identifiers
CAS Number	866-84-2^Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200458^N
ChemSpider	12775^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.127.864
E number	E332 (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem	13344
InChI InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3K/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3+1/p-3^Y Key: QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K^Y InChI=1/C6H8O7.3K/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3+1/p-3 Key: QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-DFZHHIFOAD
SMILES [K+].[K+].[K+].O=C([O-])CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(=O)[O-]
Properties
Chemical formula	K₃C₆H₅O₇
Molar mass	306.395 g/mol
Appearance	white powder hygroscopic
Odor	odorless
Density	1.98 g/cm³
Melting point	180 °C (356 °F; 453 K)
Boiling point	230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)
Solubility in water	soluble
Solubility	soluble in glycerin insoluble in ethanol (95%)
Acidity (pK_a)	8.5
Pharmacology
ATC code	A12BA02 (WHO)
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD₅₀ (median dose)	170 mg/kg (IV, dog)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N (what is ^YN ?)
Infobox references

Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula K₃C₆H₅O₇. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste. It contains 38.3% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form it is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.

As a food additive, potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332. Medicinally, it may be used to control kidney stones derived from either uric acid or cystine.

Potassium citrate is produced by adding potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases, filtering the solution and evaporating to granulation.

Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth and is excreted in the urine. Since it is an alkaline salt it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination when these are caused by highly acidic urine. It is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating diuretic.

Potassium citrate is an effective way to treat/manage gout and arrhythmia, if the patient is hypokalemic.

It is widely used to treat urinary calculi (kidney stones) and is often used by patients with cystinuria. A study of 500 patients with recurrent stones found that it reduced the frequency of stones from 2 per year to a half per year.

It is also used as an alkanizing agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.

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Wikipedia