Portuguese Malacca
| Portuguese Fort of Malacca | ||||||||||
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Malaca Portuguesa (pt) Melaka Portugis (ms) |
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| Portuguese colony | ||||||||||
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 Malacca, shown within modern Malaysia
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_(14743853356).jpg) Portuguese Malacca by Ferdinand Magellan, ca. 1509-1512.
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| Capital | Malacca Town | |||||||||
| Languages | Portuguese, Malay | |||||||||
| Political structure | Colony | |||||||||
| King of Portugal | ||||||||||
| • | 1511–1521 | Manuel I | ||||||||
| • | 1640–1641 | John IV | ||||||||
| Captains-major | ||||||||||
| • | 1512–1514 | Rui de Brito Patalim (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1638–1641 | Manuel de Sousa Coutinho (last) | ||||||||
| Captains-general | ||||||||||
| • | 1616–1635 | António Pinto da Fonseca (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1637–1641 | Luís Martins de Sousa Chichorro (last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Imperialism | |||||||||
| • | Fall of Malacca Sultanate | 15 August 1511 | ||||||||
| • | Fall of Portuguese Malacca | 14 January 1641 | ||||||||
| Currency | Portuguese real | |||||||||
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Portuguese Malacca was the territory of Malacca that, for 130 years (1511–1641), was a Portuguese colony.
According to the 16th-century Portuguese historian Emanuel Godinho de Erédia, the site of the old city of Malacca was named after the Myrobalans, fruit-bearing trees along the banks of a river called Airlele (Ayer Leleh). The Airlele river was said to originate from Buquet China (present-day Bukit Cina). Eredia cited that the city was founded by Permicuri (i.e. Parameswara) the first King of Malacca in 1411.
The news of Malacca's wealth attracted the attention of Manuel I, King of Portugal and he sent Admiral Diogo Lopes de Sequeira to find Malacca, to make a trade compact with its ruler as Portugal's representative east of India. The first European to reach Malacca and Southeast Asia, Sequeira arrived in Malacca in 1509. Although he was initially well received by Sultan Mahmud Shah, trouble however quickly ensued. The general feeling of rivalry between Islam and Christianity was invoked by a group of Goa Muslims in the sultan's court after the Portuguese had captured Goa. The international Muslim trading community convinced Mahmud that the Portuguese were a grave threat. Mahmud subsequently captured several of his men, killed others and attempted to attack the four Portuguese ships, although they escaped. As the Portuguese had found in India, conquest would be the only way they could establish themselves in Malacca.
In April 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque set sail from Goa to Malacca with a force of some 1200 men and seventeen or eighteen ships. The Viceroy made a number of demands—one of which was for permission to build a fortress as a Portuguese trading post near the city. The Sultan refused all the demands. Conflict was unavoidable, and after 40 days of fighting, Malacca fell to the Portuguese on 24 August. A bitter dispute between Sultan Mahmud and his son Sultan Ahmad also weighed down the Malaccan side.
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