Port Royal Island

Port Royal Island (historically Port Royal) is an island located in Beaufort County, South Carolina. It is considered one of Sea Islands in the Lowcountry region and is the most populous island in northern Beaufort County, containing most of the incorporated areas of Beaufort, Port Royal, and other unincorporated communities. The island also contains the Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort and Naval Hospital Beaufort military installations. The island takes its name from the Port Royal Sound, a historically significant harbor during colonial settlement in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. From the time of its European discovery to the late 19th century, the name "Port Royal" typically applied to Port Royal Island as a whole and the surrounding waterways. In the early 21st century, the term Port Royal is understood to apply to the incorporated town of Port Royal.

The Spanish first attempted to establish a fort on the island in the 1520s, referring to the area as Santa Elena, a name that is used to this day for nearby St. Helena Island. In 1562, the French settlement of Charlesfort was established on nearby Parris Island. The leader of the settlement was Jean Ribault, who referred to the name of the sound and the island as Port Royal, or royal port in French. Over time, the English adopted the name Port Royal for the sound and for the island itself once their colonization efforts began, with the establishment of the Carolina colony in 1670.

In 1779 the Battle of Beaufort was fought on the island between American and British forces, resulting in an American victory. In 1861, the Battle of Port Royal was fought between Union and Confederate forces, resulting in a Union victory and the occupation of Beaufort for the remainder of the Civil War.

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