Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse
| Prince Philipp | |
|---|---|
| Prince and Landgrave of Hesse | |
Princess Mafalda and Philipp of Hesse on their wedding day, 23 September 1925
|
|
| Born |
6 November 1896 Schloss Rumpenheim, Offenbach, Grand Duchy of Hesse German Empire |
| Died | 25 October 1980 (aged 83) Rome, Italy |
| Spouse | Princess Mafalda of Savoy |
| Issue |
Prince Moritz Prince Heinrich Prince Otto Princess Elisabeth |
| House | Hesse-Kassel |
| Father | Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse |
| Mother | Princess Margaret of Prussia |
Philipp, Prince and Landgrave of Hesse (6 November 1896 – 25 October 1980) was head of the Electoral House of Hesse from 1940 to 1980.
He joined the Nazi Party in 1930, and, when they gained power with the appointment of Adolf Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, he became Governor of Hesse-Nassau. However, he fell out with the Nazis, was arrested in 1943, dismissed as governor the following year and then was sent to a concentration camp, where he remained until being liberated by U.S. forces.
He was a grandson of Frederick III, German Emperor, and a great-grandson of Queen Victoria, as well as the son-in-law to Victor Emmanuel III of Italy. His relative Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was named after him.
Philipp was born at Schloss Rumpenheim in Offenbach, the third son of Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse and of his wife Princess Margaret of Prussia (sister of the German Emperor Wilhelm II). Philipp had a younger twin brother Wolfgang, as well as two older brothers and two other younger twin brothers.
As a child, Philipp had an English governess. In 1910, he was sent to England to attend school in Bexhill-on-Sea. After returning to Germany, he attended a Musterschule in Frankfurt and then the Realgymnasium in Potsdam. He was the only one of the brothers who did not attend a military academy.
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