Philip II of Macedon

Philip II of Macedon
Basileus of Macedon
Bust of Philip II of Macedon from the Hellenistic period; Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek
Reign	359–336 BC
Predecessor	Perdiccas III
Successor	Alexander the Great
Born	382 BC Pella, Macedon
Died	October 336 BC (aged 46) Aigai, Macedon
Burial	Aigai, Macedon
Wives	Audata Phila Nicesipolis Philinna Olympias Meda of Odessa Cleopatra Eurydice
Issue	Cynane Philip III Alexander the Great Cleopatra Thessalonica Europa Caranus
Greek	Φίλιππος
House	Argead dynasty
Father	Amyntas III
Mother	Eurydice I
Religion	Ancient Greek religion

Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών, Phílippos II ho Makedṓn; 382–336 BC) was the king (Basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC. He was a member of the Argead dynasty, the third son of King Amyntas III, and father of Alexander the Great and Philip III.

Philip was the youngest son of the king Amyntas III and Eurydice I. In his youth (c. 368 – 365 BC), Philip was held as a hostage in Thebes, which was then the leading city of Greece. While a captive there, Philip received a military and diplomatic education from Epaminondas, became eromenos of Pelopidas, and lived with Pammenes, who was an enthusiastic advocate of the Sacred Band of Thebes.

In 364 BC, Philip returned to Macedon. The deaths of Philip's elder brothers, King Alexander II and Perdiccas III, allowed him to take the throne in 359 BC. Originally appointed regent for his infant nephew Amyntas IV, who was the son of Perdiccas III, Philip succeeded in taking the kingdom for himself that same year.

• Audata
• Phila
• Nicesipolis
• Philinna
• Olympias
• Meda of Odessa
• Cleopatra Eurydice

• Audata, the daughter of Illyrian King Bardyllis. Mother of Cynane.
• Phila of Elimeia, the sister of Derdas and Machatas of Elimiotis.
• Nicesipolis of Pherae, Thessaly, mother of Thessalonica.
• Olympias of Epirus, mother of Alexander the Great and Cleopatra
• Philinna of Larissa, mother of Arrhidaeus later called Philip III of Macedon.
• Meda of Odessos, daughter of the king Cothelas, of Thrace.
• Cleopatra, daughter of Hippostratus and niece of general Attalus of Macedonia. Philip renamed her Cleopatra Eurydice of Macedon.

• Fredric March portrayed Philip II of Macedon in the film Alexander the Great (1956).
• Val Kilmer portrayed Philip II of Macedon in Oliver Stone's 2004 biopic Alexander, opposite Colin Farrell as Alexander the Great and Angelina Jolie as Queen Olympias.

• Hegemony: Philip of Macedon is a PC game about Philip II's campaigns in Greece.
• Philip II appears in the Battle of Chaeronea in Rome: Total War: Alexander

• Filippos Veria, one of the most successful handball teams of Greece, bears the name of Philip II. He is also depicted in the team's emblem.
• The Philip II Arena (until 2009 known as Skopje City Stadium) is a sporting ground in Skopje.
• Philip II is depicted in the emblem of the 2nd Support Brigade of the Hellenic Army, stationed in Kozani.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bevan, Edwyn Robert (1911). "". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 

• A family tree focusing on his ancestors
• A family tree focusing on his descendants
• Plutarch: Life of Alexander
• Pothos.org, Death of Philip: Murder or Assassination?
• Philip II of Macedon entry in historical source book by Mahlon H. Smith
• Facial reconstruction expert revealed how technique brings past to life, press release of the University of Leicester, with a portrait of Philip based on a reconstruction of his face.
• Twilight of the Polis and the rise of Macedon (Philip, Demosthenes and the Fall of the Polis). Yale University courses, Lecture 24. (Introduction to Ancient Greek History)
• The Burial of the Dead (at Vergina) or The Unending Controversy on the Identity of the Occupants of Tomb II