Phenelzine
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| Trade names | Nardil |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a682089 |
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| Routes of administration |
Oral |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Biological half-life | 11.6 hours |
| Excretion | Urine |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.108 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C8H12N2 |
| Molar mass | 136.19 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
| Boiling point | 74 °C (165 °F) |
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Phenelzine (Nardil, Nardelzine) is a non-selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of the hydrazine class which is used as an antidepressant and anxiolytic. Along with tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, phenelzine is one of the few non-selective MAOIs still in widespread clinical use. It is typically available in 15 mg tablets and doses usually range from 30–90 mg per day, with 15 mg every day or every other day suggested as a maintenance dose following a successful course of treatment.
Phenelzine is used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients with depressive symptomology characterized as "atypical", "nonendogenous", and/or "neurotic" respond particularly well to phenelzine. The medication is also useful in patients who do not respond favorably to first and second-line treatments for depression, or are "treatment-resistant". In addition to being a recognized treatment for major depressive disorder, phenelzine is effective in treating dysthymia,bipolar depression (BD),panic disorder (PD),social anxiety disorder,bulimia, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Phenelzine is a non-selective and irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). It inhibits both of the respective isoforms of MAO, MAO-A and MAO-B, and does so almost equally, with slight preference for the former. By inhibiting MAO, phenelzine prevents the breakdown of the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, melatonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, as well as the trace amine neuromodulators such as phenethylamine, tyramine, octopamine, and tryptamine. This leads to an increase in the extracellular concentrations of these neurochemicals and therefore an alteration in neurochemistry and neurotransmission. This action is thought to be the primary mediator in phenelzine's therapeutic benefits.
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Wikipedia