Phassa

Translations of Sparśa
English	contact, contacting awareness, rapport, sense impression, touch, etc.
Pali	phassa
Sanskrit	sparśa, sparsha
Chinese	觸 or 触
Japanese	soku
Korean	촉 (RR: chok)
Sinhala	(sparsha)
Tibetan	རེག་པ་ (Wylie: reg pa; THL: rekpa)
Vietnamese	xúc
Glossary of Buddhism

Sparsha (literally name; of Parbat Chimariya :;"Parbat Sparsha") Sparśa (Sanskrit; Pali: phassa) is a Buddhist term that is translated as "contact", "touching", "sensation", "sense impression", etc. It is defined as the coming together of three factors: the sense organ, the sense object, and sense consciousness (vijnana). For example, contact (sparsha) is said to occur at the coming together of the eye organ, a visual object, and the visual sense consciousness.

Sparśa is identified within the Buddhist teachings as:

The Atthasālinī (Expositor, Part IV, Chapter I, 108) states:

Nina van Gorkom explains:

Nina van Gorkom also explains:

The Abhidharma-samuccaya states:

Herbert Guenther explains:

The Theravada and Mahayana traditions both identify six "classes" of contact:

For example, when the ear sense and a sound object are present, the associated auditory consciousness (Pali: viññāṇa) arises. The arising of these three elements (dhātu) – ear-sense, sound and auditory consciousness – lead to "contact" (phassa).

Sparśa is the sixth of the Twelve Nidānas. It is conditioned by the presence of the six sense-openings (ṣaḍāyatana), and in turn is a condition for the arising of physical sensations (vedanā).

Dan Lusthaus explains:

Jeffrey Hopkins explains:

Alexander Berzin provides an explanation of the sixth link in the context of the development of the fetus; he states:

In terms of the Five Aggregates, sparśa is the implicit basis by which Form (rūpa) and Consciousness (viññāna) lead to the mental factors of Feeling (vedanā), Perception (sañña) and Formations (sankhāra).

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Wikipedia