Peter Gonesius

Piotr of Goniądz (Polish: Piotr z Goniądza, pronounced [ˈpʲɔtr zɡɔˈɲɔndza]; Latin: Gonesius; c. 1525-1573) was a Polish political and religious writer, thinker and one of the spiritual leaders of the Polish Brethren.

Little is known of his early life. He was born to a peasant family some time between 1525 and 1530 in the town of Goniądz. According to Symon Budny his true name was Giezek, though throughout his life he used a variety of names and pseudonyms, including Gonesius, Gonedzius, Conyza and Koniński. He was sent by his parents to a monastery and became a priest. Supported by the bishop of Wilno Paweł Holszański, Piotr was sent to Italy, where he graduated from the University of Padua. There he received a doctorate in philosophy and became one of the professors. However, following his lecture of the anonymous work by Miguel Serveto and similar works by an Italian professor Matteo Gribaldi, Piotr of Goniądz converted to Protestantism and returned to Poland.

One of the pioneers of anabaptism in Poland, he was active as one of the notable members of the Protestant community formed around Mikołaj Radziwiłł. It was he who contacted the anabaptists exiled from the German states who settled in large numbers in Moravia and convinced many of them to settle in Poland. He was also heavily influenced by the views of Bohemian Hussites, who supported modesty, life in poverty and disregard for mundane life. For his support of unitarianism and anti-trinitarianism at the Protestant council of Secemin (January 22, 1556), he was officially excommunicated at the council of Pińczów in April of that year. He was also banished from Lesser Poland. However, he found several supporters of his ideas, mostly from among the lesser szlachta of Podlaskie and the lands of Grand Duchy. Probably in 1558 he found a mighty benefactor and patron in person of Jan Kiszka, one of the most powerful magnates of his time. Invited to Węgrów, Piotr became the head of the local Protestant commune and one of the most notable leaders of the Calvinist community in Poland.

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