Pendro
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Pendro پێندرۆ Pêndrû Pendru |
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|---|---|
| Village | |
Pendro (1968)
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 Pendro
Pendro
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| Coordinates: 37°03′42″N 44°06′20″E / 37.06167°N 44.10556°ECoordinates: 37°03′42″N 44°06′20″E / 37.06167°N 44.10556°E | |
| Country |
 Iraq
|
| Autonomous region |
 Kurdistan
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| Province | Erbil |
| District | Mergasor |
| Nahiyah | Shirwan Mezin |
| Elevation | 1,225 m (4,019 ft) |
| Population (2017) | |
| • Total | 2,547 |
| Demonym(s) | Pendroy |
| Time zone | UTC+3 |
| Area code(s) | 0750 |
Pendro or Pendru (Kurdish: پێندرۆ , Pêndrû ) is a Kurdish Village in Iraqi Kurdistan, located in Erbil Province, close to the border with Turkey, it is located approximately 15–18 km to the north from Barzan, of population over 2540 people in central Muzuri Bala one of the seven tribes of Barzan. It lies in a valley surrounded by low peaks and mount Butin about four km northeast of Pendro and also the canyon of Sardav is about fifteen minutes walk from the north end of the village. The villages of Banan, Hlara and Shive to the north, Edlbey and Zet to the east, Selke, Stope, Guiza Walati to south, Binavye, Navkorka to west and Dezo, Spindare to northwest. The area of Pendro covers over 10 km2 (4 sq mi). The terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Zagros;less than 10% of the Pendro is below 1,225 m (4,019 ft), and its highest point is 2,534 m (8,314 ft). All population speaks local Bahdini dialects of Kurdish as their native language, and Central Kurdish in its standard form is the government's official language.
Pendro's history stretches back to at least the era of Badinan Emirate rule in Amadiya, which ended conclusively in 1843. Pendro is inhabited by the Muzuri clan for hundreds of years. Muzuri is one of the oldest Kurish tribes in Kurdistan. The tribe first time mentioned by Sharafkhan Bidlisi in his book Sharafnama in 1597. Muzuri tribe mentioned by Evliya Çelebi in his travelogue called the Seyahatname ("Book of Travel") in 1638, and mentioned by Mark Sykes in 1909, Also mentioned by the Kurdish historian Zaki in his book (Kurd and Kurdistan) in 1931. The terrain, wooded and mountainous, favored the Kurdish-nationalists and Social movement. Throughout history, the region had been invaded many times by external powers. Pendro and other villages in region were enemy's biggest geopolitical threat. Many times the villagers were forced to leave and destroyed their villages, Kurdish enemy did this because too many villagers had rebelled and were fighting for Kurdish independence. Many Pendroy joined the first Barzan Revolt which ended in 1932 and Shaykh Ahmed Barzani was later forced to flee to Turkey with 400 Barzani families, this number includes 31 Pendroy families. One decade later in 1943 Mustafa Barzani was escape from his exile in Sulaymaniyah, he returned to Barzan and he had visited a number of villages in the region and a number of village men soon joined him and captured and disarmed the local polices. A bloody clash between the Barzani and polices in Pendro, this clash that led to the death of the three Iraqi policemen, that was the beginning of 1943 Barzani revolt. Occupation of Barzan on 7 October 1945 by Iraq, forced Barzani to order his forces to retreat from the region and cross into Iranian Kurdistan with nearly three thousands Barzani, 165 of them came from Pendro. And later settled and join establishing the Republic of Mahabad. After Mahabad Republic was overrun by Iran’s army, Barzani and his 500 followers took refuge in Soviet, including 19 Pendroy. Over 150 Pendroy participated in Aylul Revolution and Gulan Revolution. After Algiers Accord over sixty thousands Kurdish, including 116 Pendroy families forced to become refugees, fleeing mostly to neighbouring Iran. On 25 June 1978 Iraqi Army removed all villagers nearer the border to different camps in Erbil Province and destroyed the villages, all Pendroy settled in Bahirka camp, the region entirely destroyed and left uninhabitable. Genocide against the Barzani Kurds by Iraqi regime in 1983, the killing of the 8,000 Barzani, 16 victims were from Pendro. During the Kurdish Rebellion some Pendroy families went back to Pendro and rebuilt new village in the north, toward to the mount Butin an area of the land called "Mlane", once again their village destroyed by Iraqi regime in 1987 and villagers forced to become refugees in Iran. In 1991, after Kurdish Uprisings, people came back to the village and it was rebuilt in 1994 by one of the British organizations. The new village rebuilt about 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) west of Pendro a region of the land called "Chema". But two years later the village destroyed during the PKK-Turkish conflict.
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