Pemako Tshangla dialect
| Pemako Tshangla | |
|---|---|
| པདྨ་བཀོད་ཚངས་ལ་སྐད | |
| Pronunciation | [tsʰaŋla] |
| Region | Pemako region, Tibet; Arunachal Pradesh, India |
|
Native speakers
|
10,000-15,000 (2012) |
| Tibetan alphabet | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | None |
The Pemakö dialect (Tibetan: པདྨ་བཀོད་ཚངས་ལ་སྐད་, Wylie: pad ma bkod btsang la skad , also Padma bkod skad) is a dialect of the Tshangla language. It is the predominant speech in the Pemako region of the Tibet Autonomous Region and an adjoining contiguous area south of the McMahon line in Arunachal Pradesh in India. Though Tshangla is not a Tibetic language, it shares many similarities with Classical Tibetan, particularly in its vocabulary. Many Tibetan loanwords are used in Pemako, due to centuries of close contact with various Tibetan tribes in the Pemako area. Pemako Tshangla has undergone tremendous changes due to its isolation and Tibetan influence.
Below appears a table of Tshangla consonants according to Andvik (2010). Non-native phonemes, in parentheses, are contrasted only marginally with native sounds: /ɬ/ is often nativized to /l/; /dz/ becomes /z/; and /ʑ/ becomes /y/.
The above table generally describes onset consonants. Consonant clusters in the onset position are limited to consonant plus /r/, with the exception of the syllable /pɕi/, used on only two contexts. Intervocalic positioning of aspirated onsets /pʰ/ /tʰ/, and /kʰ/ results in lenition to /ɸ/, /θ/, and /x/ or /h/, respectively, with some exceptions. Syllable-final consonants are limited to /p/, /t/, /k/, /s/, /m/, /n/, and /ŋ/.
Tshangla vowels appear in the chart below, following Andvik (2010). Vowels in parentheses appear in non-native words inherited from Tibetan, Dzongkha, and the latter's archaic liturgical form, Chöke. Non-native front rounded vowels may be nativized as front unrounded vowels.
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