Pei Songzhi
| Pei Songzhi | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 裴松之 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 裴松之 | ||||||||
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| Shiqi (courtesy name) | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 世期 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 世期 | ||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Péi Sōngzhī |
| Wade–Giles | P'ei Sung-chih |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shìqī |
| Wade–Giles | Shih-ch'i |
Pei Songzhi (372–451), courtesy name Shiqi, was a historian and politician who lived in the late Eastern Jin dynasty and Liu Song dynasty. His ancestral home was in Wenxi, Hedong (present-day Wenxi County, Yuncheng, Shanxi) but he moved to the Jiangnan region later. He is best known for making annotations to the historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi) written by Chen Shou in the third century, providing additional details omitted from the original work. His commentary, completed in 429, became integral to later editions of the Sanguozhi, making the joint work three times as long as the original. Two of his descendants, Pei Yin (裴駰) and Pei Ziye (裴子野), were also well known historians.
Pei was born in a family of politicians who served the Eastern Jin government. His grandfather, Pei Mei (裴昧), served as a guanglu dafu (光祿大夫) while his father, Pei Gui (裴珪), was a zheng yuanwailang (正員外郎). Pei was fond of reading since his childhood, and he was already very familiar with classic texts such as the Analects of Confucius and the Classic of Poetry at the age of eight.
In 391, during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, Pei became a dianzhong jiangjun (殿中將軍) at the age of 20. In 398, during the reign of Emperor An, Pei's uncle, Yu Kai (庾楷), who was the Governor of Yu Province, allied with Wang Gong (王恭), the Governor of Yan and Qing provinces, to attack the imperial capital, Jiankang. They were defeated. Yu Kai fled to join the warlord Huan Xuan, after which he nominated Pei to be the Administrator of Xinye, but Pei considered the dangers of joining his uncle and refused to move there. War broke out between the warlords later and Yu Kai was killed by Huan Xuan. Pei survived because he did not join Yu Kai.
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