Pavel Jacobi

Pavel Ivanovich Jacobi (Russian: Павел Иванович Якоби or Якобий; 15 July [O.S. 3 July] 1841,Kazan - 24 March [O.S. 11 March] 1913) was a Russian socialist, member of the Land and Liberty society, ethnographer and physician. He was a pioneer of the Pinel reforms of psychiatry in Russia, credited to be first who formulated all the principles for the new paradigm in the organizational psychiatry.

Pavel Jacobi was a born to a noble family of retired colonel Ivan Karlovich Jacobi. He was a younger brother of painter Valery Jacobi. Pavel Jacobi graduated from Mikhailovskaya Artillery Military School in 1860 and continued his education in Mikhailovskaya Artillery Military Academy. Soon he became a member of the socialist Circle of Artillerists-Chernyshevs that included such future prominent revolutionaries as Peter Kropotkin and Pyotr Lavrov. Jacobi retired from the Army and studied at the University of Heidelberg.

In 1863-1864 he participated in the January Uprising in Poland planning to organize Russian Republican Legion fighting for the freedom of Poland from the Russian Empire. He was heavily wounded in the Battle () at Kruszyna on 30 August 1863. After recovering he was the Chief of Staff of Insurgent formations in Galicia. After suppressing of the uprising Jacobi emigrated to Switzerland.

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