José Antonio Pavón Jiménez or José Antonio Pavón (April 22, 1754, Casatejada, Cáceres, Spain – 1840, Madrid) was a Spanish botanist known for researching the flora of Peru and Chile.
During the reign of Charles III of Spain, three major botanical expeditions were sent to the New World; Pavón and Hipólito Ruiz López were the botanists for the first of these expeditions, to Peru and Chile from 1777 to 1788. The standard author abbreviation Ruiz & Pav. is used to indicate Pavón and his colleague Ruiz as joint authors when citing a botanical name.
The genus Pavonia was named in his honor by Antonio José Cavanilles — plants with the specific epithet of pavonii also commemorate his name.