Patani Kingdom

The Sultanate of Patani Darussalam
كراجأن ڤتاني Kerajaan Patani The Sultanate of Patani
1516–1902
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Map of the Sultanate of Patani
Capital		Patani
Languages		Patani Malay
Religion		Sunni Islam
Government		Monarchy
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Established	1516
•	Conquest by Siam in 1785, later followed by annexation	1902
Succeeded by Rattanakosin Kingdom
Today part of		Thailand  Malaysia

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Pattani (Patani) or the Sultanate of Patani was a Malay sultanate in the historical Patani Region. It covered approximately the area of the modern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and much of the northern part of modern Malaysia. The 6–7th century Hindu state of Pan Pan may or may not have been related.

Langkasuka was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom, founded in the region as early as the 2nd century CE, which appeared in many accounts by Chinese travellers, the most famous of whom was the Buddhist pilgrim I-Ching. The kingdom drew trade from Chinese, Indian, and local traders as a stopping place for ships bound for, or just arrived from, the Gulf of Thailand. Langkasuka reached its greatest economic success in the 6th and 7th centuries and afterward declined as a major trade center. Political circumstances suggest that by the 11th century Chola invasion, Langkasuka was no longer a major port visited by merchants. However, much of the decline may be due to the silting up of its harbour, shown most poignantly today because the most substantial Langkasukan ruins lie approximately 15 kilometres from the sea.