Muhammad Parviz (2 October 1589 - 28 October 1626) was the second son of Mughal emperor Jahangir from his third wife, Sahib-i-Jamal Begum. He was also a grandson of the third Mughal emperor Akbar. His daughter, Nadira Banu Begum, later became the wife of Dara Shikoh.

Born on October 2, 1589, Parviz was the product of a union between Jahangir and Zayn Khan Koka's cousin, Sahib-i-Jamal Begum. Zayn Khan koka, was the son of one of Akbar's Amahs. As the Emperor's second son, he was 2 years older than Khurram, and 2 years younger than Khussrau.

In peaceful times, before his brother's rebellion, he was active and enjoyed polo. Polo was a popular sport among the Mughal court, evidenced by a miniature showing the typical 4 player team consisting of Jahangir, Parviz, Khurram, and Asaf Khan.

He supported his father's war of succession. Following the failed revolt, and the death of Jahangir's grandmother Miriam Makani, Parviz accompanied his father back to Agra in 1604. This was in attempt to reconcile with Akbar, and his father was severely reprimanded for his treason.

Despite his status as elder son, he was widely regarded as ambitious but inept and intemperate, and therefore not a serious contender for the throne. He failed in his leadership of the Deccan War and had lost the faith of the court.

Parviz lead the first campaign against the Mewar, shortly after Jahangir's accession. He supported his father's ambitious foreign policy, and was given the figurative command of over 20,000 horses, but the campaign to Mewar was in reality under the control of Asaf Khan.

In the year 1608, Jahangir sent Khan Khana with 12,000 reinforcements to the Deccan to combat the recent successes of Malik Ambar and the Marathis. Despite infighting among the Mughal military elite, he sent Parviz, closely supervised by Asaf Khan, to command and also govern Khandesh and Berar. The prince arrived in 1610, along with a contingent of 1,000 Ahadis and even more mansabdari soldiers. The prince was only 20 years old, and though headstrong and ambitious, he did not possess any natural talent for military or administrative strategy. His command of the Deccan campaign was in name only, and he instead held a royal court at Burhanpur. The European travelers through the region gave scathing reports of Parviz. Sir Thomas Roe says that "to describe it rightly, it was like a great stage and the prince sat there as the mock kings do there… the prince hath the name and State, but the Khan (the Khan Khana) governs all". Merchant Thomas Kerridge warned Roe about Parvez, saying, "(his) capacity being weak and he given to womanish pleasures, there is no hope either of honour or content from him… He supplieth the place in name only… the Khan Khana in matters of consequence there ordereth all, esteemed for nobility, honour and valour to be the chiefest of the land."

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Wikipedia