Pakistani population

Population of Pakistan, 1961–2013
Population	207,774,520 (2017 - excluding AJK, GB)
Growth rate	2.10 (2016)
Birth rate	29.8 births / 1,000 population (2016)
Death rate	7.5 deaths / 1,000 population (2016)
Life expectancy	67.7 years (2016)
• male	65.8 years (2016)
• female	69.8 years (2016)
Fertility rate	2.68 children born / woman (2016)
Infant mortality rate	53.86 deaths / 1,000 live births (2016)
0–14 years	35.4% (male 35,475,647 / female 33,586,757)
15–64 years	60.4% (male 60,766,105 / female 56,886,961)
65 and over	4.2% (male 3,890,840 / female 4,325,538) (Jan. 2017)
At birth	1.05 male(s) / female (2016)
Under 15	1.056 male(s) / female (2016)
15–64 years	1.068 male(s) / female (2016)
65 and over	0.9 male(s) / female (2016)
Nationality	noun: Pakistani
Major ethnic	See Ethnic groups of Pakistan
Official	See Languages of Pakistan
Spoken	See List of Pakistani languages by number of native speakers

Pakistan's latest estimated population is 207,774,520 (excluding autonomous regions Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan). This makes Pakistan the world's fifth-most-populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. Including Azad Kashmir, the population would be 211.819 million. Gilgit Baltistan region has an additional estimated population of 1.8 million.

During 1950–2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998-2017, the average population growth rate stood at 2.40%.

Dramatic social changes have led to rapid urbanization and the emergence of megacities. During 1990–2003, Pakistan sustained its historical lead as the second-most urbanized nation in South Asia with city dwellers making up 36% of its population. Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis now reside in towns of 5,000 people or more.

Pakistan has a multicultural and multi-ethnic society and hosts one of the largest refugee populations in the world as well as a young population.

The Demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley Civilization to modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in modern region of Pakistan from Central Asia, Middle East and Europe.

The majority of southern Pakistan's population lives along the Indus River. Karachi is the most populous city in Pakistan. In the northern half, most of the population lives about an arc formed by the cities of Faisalabad, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Sargodha, Islamabad, Multan, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Nowshera, Swabi, Mardan, and Peshawar.