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PPP1R1B

PPP1R1B
Identifiers
Aliases PPP1R1B, DARPP-32, DARPP32, protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B
External IDs MGI: 94860 HomoloGene: 12972 GeneCards: PPP1R1B
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001242464
NM_032192
NM_181505

NM_144828
NM_001313970

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001229393
NP_115568
NP_852606
NP_115568.2

NP_001300899
NP_659077

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 39.63 – 39.64 Mb Chr 11: 98.35 – 98.36 Mb
PubMed search

NM_001242464
NM_032192
NM_181505

NM_144828
NM_001313970

NP_001229393
NP_115568
NP_852606
NP_115568.2

NP_001300899
NP_659077

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B (PPP1R1B), also known as dopamine- and cAMP-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein (DARPP-32), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R1B gene.

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons play a critical role in multiple brain functions, and abnormal signaling through dopaminergic pathways has been implicated in several major neurologic and psychiatric disorders. One well-studied target for the actions of dopamine is DARPP32. In the densely dopamine- and glutamate-innervated rat caudate-putamen, DARPP32 is expressed in medium-sized spiny neurons that also express dopamine D1 receptors. The function of DARPP32 seems to be regulated by receptor stimulation. Both dopaminergic and glutamatergic (NMDA) receptor stimulation regulate the extent of DARPP32 phosphorylation, but in opposite directions. Dopamine D1 receptor stimulation enhances cAMP formation, resulting in the phosphorylation of DARPP32; (this is disputed by more recent research that claims cAMP signaling induces dephosphorylation of DARPP32) phosphorylated DARPP32 is a potent protein phosphatase-1 (PPP1CA) inhibitor. NMDA receptor stimulation elevates intracellular calcium, which leads to activation of calcineurin and dephosphorylation of phospho-DARPP32, thereby reducing the phosphatase-1 inhibitory activity of DARPP32. DARPP-32 is critical for dopamine dependent striatal synaptic plasticity, possibly by serving as a dopamine-dependent gating mechanism for calcium/CaMKII signaling. It has been predicted that DARPP-32, in conjunction with ARPP-21, could also be involved in setting-up of eligibility trace-like temporal window for striatal postsynaptic signaling.


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