P-700 Granit

P-700 Granit (NATO reporting name: SS-N-19 'Shipwreck')
Type	Long-range anti-ship cruise missile
Place of origin	Soviet Union/Russia
Service history
In service	Since 1983
Used by	Soviet Union, Russia
Production history
Designer	OKB-52/NPO Mashinostroyeniya Chelomey
Designed	1970s
Produced	1985–1992
Specifications
Weight	7,000 kg (15,400 lb)
Length	10 m (33 ft)
Diameter	0.85 m (33 in)
Warhead	High explosive or nuclear
Warhead weight	750 kg (1,653 lb) HE (unknown composition, probably RDX or similar) or 500 kt fission-fusion thermonuclear weapon
Blast yield	500 kt
Engine	ramjet
Operational range	625 km (388 mi)
Speed	Mach 1.6 (low altitude) - 2.5+ (high altitude)
Guidance system	Inertial guidance, active radar homing with home-on-jam, and Legenda satellite targeting system (believed to be nonfunctional after the fall of the USSR)
Launch platform	Oscar class submarines Kirov & Admiral Kuznetsov class ships

The P-700 Granit (Russian: П-700 "Гранит"; English: granite) is a Soviet and Russian naval anti-ship cruise missile. Its GRAU designation is 3M45, its NATO reporting name SS-N-19 Shipwreck. It comes in surface-to-surface and submarine-launched variants, it can also be used against ground targets.

The P-700 was designed in the 1970s to replace the P-70 Ametist and P-120 Malakhit, both effective missiles but with too short a range in the face of improving weapons of U.S. Navy carrier battle groups. The missile was partially derived from the P-500 Bazalt.

Built by Chelomei/NPO Mashinostroenia, the bulging 10m missile has swept-back wings and tail, weighs around 7,000 kilograms and can be fitted with either a 750 kg HE warhead, a FAE warhead, or a 500 kt nuclear warhead. A stubby cylindrical solid-fuel rocket is fitted to the rear for launch; this booster stage is released when the missile enters sustained flight. For many years it was believed that this missile used a turbojet engine during the sustained flight; after the Russian and the Western media gained access to its performance characteristics, it was understood that its propulsion system was a ramjet. The P-700 has a distinctive annular air intake in the nose. Maximum speed is believed to be between Mach 1.6 and more than Mach 2.5. Range estimates vary between 400 km to 500 km to 550–625 km. The guidance system is mixed-mode, with inertial guidance, terminal active radar homing guidance and also anti-radar homing. Mid-course correction is probable.