NPO Mashinostroenia
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Formerly called
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OKB-52 |
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| Founded | 1944 |
| Headquarters | Reutov, Russia |
| Parent | Tactical Missiles Corporation |
| Website | npomash |
NPO Mashinostroyeniya (Russian: НПО машиностроения) is a rocket design bureau based in Reutov, Russia. During the Cold War it was responsible for several major weapons systems, including the SS-19 Intercontinental ballistic missile and the military Almaz space station program.
India is NPO's second largest customer after Russia for sale of P-70 Ametist, BrahMos, P-800 Oniks and possibly the P-500 Bazalt.
NPO Mashinostroyeniya was founded in 1944 to develop rockets for the Russian military. Under the leadership of cruise missile designer Vladimir Chelomey, the firm was lead developer of the Soviet Union's space satellites, cruise missiles, and intercontinental ballistic missiles. Originally part of the OKB-51 design bureau, it relocated to Reutov, and from 1955 to 1966 was designated OKB-52 (and also OKB-52 MAP). OKB-52 became later known as TsKBM.
The OKB-52 was the main rival of OKB-1 (then the design bureau of Sergey Korolev, later renamed TsKBEM, today RSC Energia) during the Soviet manned lunar programs and the Soviet space station program.
At its peak in the mid-1980s, NPO Mashinostroyeniya employed nearly 10,000. By the mid-1980s state support for NPO was dwindling. In the 1980s, the Soviet government directed NPO to develop vegetable oil processing equipment, baking industry equipment, and food storage products. By 1993, Mashinostroyeniya's defense orders dwindled to one-fifth of previous levels.
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