Ostrogozhsk
| Ostrogozhsk (English) Острогожск (Russian) |
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| - Town - | |
 A residential district in Ostrogozhsk |
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 Ostrogozhsk
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| Administrative status (as of April 2015) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Voronezh Oblast |
| Administrative district | Ostrogozhsky District |
| Urban settlement | Ostrogozhsk |
| Administrative center of | Ostrogozhsky District, Ostrogozhsk Urban Settlement |
| Municipal status (as of June 2015) | |
| Municipal district | Ostrogozhsky Municipal District |
| Urban settlement | Ostrogozhsk Urban Settlement |
| Administrative center of | Ostrogozhsky Municipal District, Ostrogozhsk Urban Settlement |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 33,842 inhabitants |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| Founded | 1652 |
| Town status since | 1765 |
| Postal code(s) | 397850, 397852–397855 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 47375 |
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| 2010 Census | 33,842 |
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| 2002 Census | 34,585 |
| 1989 Census | 34,492 |
| 1979 Census | 34,044 |
Ostrogozhsk (Russian: Острого́жск; Ukrainian: Острогозьк) is a town and the administrative center of Ostrogozhsky District in Voronezh Oblast, Russia, located on the Tikhaya Sosna River (a Don's tributary), 142 kilometers (88 mi) south of Voronezh, the administrative center of the oblast. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 33,842.
Ostrogozsk is the historical center of Eastern Sloboda Ukraine. It was established in 1652 by Ukrainian Cossacks (Chernigov and Nezhin Regiments) as an ostrog (fortress). In 1696 Peter the Great stopped at Ostrogozhsk to meet with the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host Ivan Mazepa and Cossacks of Ostrogozhsk regiment. At the Ostrogozhsk city square "Maidan" is located a memorial commemorating the event. After reestablishing the Sloboda Ukraine Governorate in 1765 Ostrogozhsk ended up in the new Voronezh Governorate and same year it was granted the town rights. Since then the city became a center of the split East Sloboda Ukraine. According to the 1897 Russian census there were 1.1 million of Ukrainians (Little Russians) in Voronezh Governorate, which was only insignificantly less than the number of Russians (Great Russians). According to the 1989 Soviet Census in Voronezh Oblast there were 250,000 Ukrainians and only 75,000 during the 2002 Russian Census. In 1917-1919, the town was controlled by the Ukrainian People's Republic and the Hetmanate; over 90% of the population was Ukrainian. In 1920, Ostrogozsk became a part of Soviet Russia, while borders between the Soviet Russia and the Soviet Ukraine were not finalized until 1923-25. In 1928 Ostrogozhsk became a district's administrative center within what now is Voronezh Oblast. The town was occupied by Nazi Germany during World War II from July 5, 1942 (during the Battle of Voronezh) to January 20, 1943, when it was liberated in the course of the Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh Offensive.
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