Oskar Fischer
| Oskar Fischer | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | 12 April 1876 Slaný |
| Died | 28 February 1942 (aged 65) Terezin |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Education |
Prague University Strasbourg University |
| Medical career | |
| Profession | Doctor |
| Field |
Psychiatry Neuropathology |
| Institutions | German University in Prague |
| Research | Dementia Alzheimer disease |
For the East German politician, see Oskar Fischer (politician)
Oskar Fischer (12 April 1876 – 28 February 1942) was a Czech academic, psychiatrist and neuropathologist whose studies on dementia and Alzheimer disease were rediscovered in 2008.
Fischer was born into a German-speaking family in Slaný in central Bohemia, 25 km northwest of Prague, on 12 April 1876. His father was the manager of an agricultural estate there. He completed primary and secondary education in Slaný. Then he attended the medical schools of both Prague University and Strasbourg University, and graduated from Prague University in 1900.
Fischer began his career at the Department of Pathological Anatomy of German University in 1900. Next, he joined the Department of Psychiatry of the same university in 1902, and worked there until 1919. Fischer served as a physician-in-chief at the division of neurology and psychiatry of the second Garrison Hospital in Prague during World War I, and treated many soldiers who had experienced mental difficulties while fighting on the Eastern Front. After challenging and criticising German medical doctor Halbhuber, his chief at the division, Fischer was transferred to Barracks Hospital in Pardubice in eastern Bohemia and served there until the end of the war. In Pardubice, he met Franziska, his prospective wife, working as a voluntary nurse with the Red Cross. Later, they had two children, the twins Lotte and Heinz. Then he left his tenure at the German University in 1939 and opened a private office for neurology and psychiatry in Prague where he worked until 1941.
Fischer was a member of the Prague neuropathological school headed by Arnold Pick during his studies in German University. This school was one of the two neuropathological schools (the other one was in Munich headed by Emil Kraepelin where Alois Alzheimer worked) framed Alzheimer's disease through emprical discoveries. In fact, these schools were rivals, leading to the designation of the disease as "Alzheimer's disease" in the Emil Kraepelin's seminal book, entitled Psychiatry (1910). Because the inclusion of this disease with Alzheimer's name in the book made the Munich school superior over the Prague school.
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