Oscar Straus (politician)
| Oscar Straus | |
|---|---|
 |
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| United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire | |
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In office October 4, 1909 – September 3, 1910 |
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| President | William Taft |
| Preceded by | John Leishman |
| Succeeded by | William Rockhill |
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In office October 15, 1898 – December 20, 1899 Minister |
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| President | William McKinley |
| Preceded by | James Angell |
| Succeeded by | John Leishman |
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In office July 1, 1887 – June 16, 1889 Envoy |
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| President |
Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison |
| Preceded by | Samuel S. Cox |
| Succeeded by | Solomon Hirsch |
| 3rd United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor | |
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In office December 17, 1906 – March 5, 1909 |
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| President | Theodore Roosevelt |
| Preceded by | Victor H. Metcalf |
| Succeeded by | Charles Nagel |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Oscar Solomon Straus December 23, 1850 Otterberg, Bavaria, Germany |
| Died | May 3, 1926 (aged 75) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Other political affiliations |
Independence Progressive |
| Spouse(s) | Sarah Straus |
| Education | Columbia University (BA, LLB) |
Oscar Solomon Straus (December 23, 1850 – May 3, 1926) was United States Secretary of Commerce and Labor under President Theodore Roosevelt from 1906 to 1909. Straus was the first Jewish United States Cabinet Secretary.
He was born in Otterberg, Germany. He emigrated with his parents to the United States, and settled in Talbotton, Georgia. At the close of the Civil War he moved to New York City where he graduated from Columbia College in 1871 and Columbia Law School in 1873. He practiced law until 1881, and then became a merchant, retaining his interest in literature. He first served as United States Minister to the Ottoman Empire from 1887 to 1889 and again from 1898 to 1899.
John Hay, the American Secretary of State, asked the Jewish American ambassador to Ottoman Turkey, Oscar Straus in 1889 to approach Sultan Abdul Hamid II to request that the Sultan write a letter to the Moro Sulu Muslims of the Sulu Sultanate in the Philippines telling them to submit to American suzerainty and American military rule, the Sultan obliged them and wrote the letter which was sent to Sulu via Mecca where 2 Sulu chiefs brought it home to Sulu and it was successful, since the Sulu Mohammedans . . . refused to join the insurrectionists and had placed themselves under the control of our army, thereby recognizing American sovereignty. The Ottoman Sultan used his position as caliph to order the Sulu Sultan not to resist and not fight the Americans when they came subjected to American control. President McKinley did not mention Turkey's role in the pacification of the Sulu Moros in his address to the first session of the Fifty-sixth Congress in December 1899 since the agreement with the Sultan of Sulu was not submitted to the Senate until December 18. Despite Sultan Abdulhamid's "pan-Islamic" ideology, he readily acceded to Oscar S. Straus' request for help in telling the Sulu Muslims to not resist America since he felt no need to cause hostilities between the West and Muslims. Collaboration between the American military and Sulu sultanate was due to the Sulu Sultan being persuaded by the Ottoman Sultan. John P. Finley wrote that: After due consideration of these facts, the Sultan, as Caliph caused a message to be sent to the Mohammedans of the Philippine Islands forbidding them to enter into any hostilities against the Americans, inasmuch as no interference with their religion would be allowed under American rule. As the Moros have never asked more than that, it is not surprising, that they refused all overtures made, by Aguinaldo's agents, at the time of the Filipino insurrection. President McKinley sent a personal letter of thanks to Mr. Straus for the excellent work he had done, and said, its accomplishment had saved the United States at least twenty thousand troops in the field. If the reader will pause to consider what this means in men and also the millions in money, he will appreciate this wonderful piece of diplomacy, in averting a holy war. Abdulhamid in his position as Caliph was approached by the Americans to help them deal with Muslims during their war in the Philippines and the Muslim people of the area obeyed the order to help the Americans which was sent by Abdulhamid.
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Wikipedia