Oryol
| Oryol (English) Орёл (Russian) |
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.svg) Location of Oryol Oblast in Russia |
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 Oryol
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| City Day | August 5 |
| Administrative status (as of April 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Oryol Oblast |
| Administratively subordinated to | city of oblast significance of Oryol |
| Administrative center of | Oryol Oblast, city of oblast significance of Oryol,Orlovsky District |
| Municipal status (as of September 2015) | |
| Urban okrug | Oryol Urban Okrug |
| Administrative center of | Oryol Urban Okrug, Orlovsky Municipal District |
| Mayor | Vasily Novikov |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 127.8 km2 (49.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census) | 317,747 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 57th |
| Density | 2,486/km2 (6,440/sq mi) |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| Founded | 1566 |
| City status since | 1702 |
| Postal code(s) | 302000–302999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4862 |
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Oryol or Orel (Russian: Орёл; IPA: [ɐˈrʲɵl], lit. eagle) is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River, approximately 360 kilometers (220 mi) south-southwest of Moscow. Population: 317,747 (2010 Census);333,310 (2002 Census);336,862 (1989 Census).
While there are no historical records, archaeological evidence shows that a fortress settlement existed between the Oka and Orlik Rivers as early as the 12th century, when the land was a part of the Principality of Chernigov. The name of the fortress is unknown; it may not have been called Oryol at the time. In the 13th century the fortress became a part of the Zvenigorod district of the Karachev Principality. In the early 15th century, the territory was conquered by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The city was soon abandoned by its population, after being sacked either by Lithuanians or the Golden Horde. The territory became a part of the Tsardom of Russia in the 16th century.
Ivan the Terrible decreed that a new fortress be built on the spot in 1566, for the purpose of defending the southern borders of the country. The fortress was built very speedily, work starting in the summer of 1566 and ending in the spring of 1567. The location chosen was less than ideal strategically, as the fortress was located on a seasonally flooded low ground easily targeted from the neighboring high ground. False Dmitry I and his army passed through Oryol in 1605; Ivan Bolotnikov in 1606; False Dmitry II camped in Oryol for the winter of 1607–1608. Polish intervention sacked it in 1611 and 1615; the population fled after the second sacking and moved to Mtsensk. Orlovsky Uyezd nonetheless continued to exist on paper.
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