Oretani

The Oretani or Oretanii (Greek: Orissioi) were a pre-Roman ancient Iberian people (in the geographical sense) of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman Hispania), that lived in today's northeastern Andalusia, in the high Baetis (Guadalquivir) river valley, eastern Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena), and the southern area of today's La Mancha.

They could have been an Iberian tribe, a Celtic one, or a mixed Celtic and Iberian tribe or tribal confederacy (and hence related to the Celtiberians).

The Mantesani/Mentesani/Mantasani of today's La Mancha and the Germani (of Oretania) in eastern Marianus Mons (Sierra Morena) and west Jabalón river valley sometimes are included in the Oretani but it is not certain if they were Oretani tribes.

Oretania, the country of the Oretani, was located in the eastern Sierra Morena, which included most of Ciudad Real Province except its western end, the northern section of Jaén Province, the western half of Albacete Province and the southern rim of Cuenca Province. The Roman geographer Pliny the Elder lists 14 cities, including Tuia/Tugia (Toya?), Salaria (Úbeda/Baeza?), Biatia, Castulum (Cazlona, Jaén),Luparia, Cervaria and Salica, whilst Diodorus Siculus lists 12 towns. Other sources refer the towns of Libissosa (Lezuza?),Amtorgis, Ilorci, Helicen/Helike (Elche de la Sierra, Elche?),Baecula/Bekor (Bailén, Jaén),Ilucia, Nobila and Cusibi.

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