Pliny the Elder

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus
Pliny the Elder, as imagined by a 19th-century artist. No contemporary depiction of Pliny is known to survive.
Born	AD 23 Novum Comum (Como), Roman Italy, Roman Empire
Died	August 25, AD 79 (aged 55–56) Stabiae, Campania, Roman Empire
Residence	Rome, provincial locations, Misenum
Citizenship	Roman
Education	Rhetoric, grammar
Occupation	Lawyer, author, natural philosopher, naturalist, military commander, provincial governor
Notable work	Naturalis Historia
Children	Pliny the Younger (nephew, later adopted son)
Parent(s)	Celer and Marcella

Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23 – August 25, AD 79), better known as Pliny the Elder (/ˈplɪni/), was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian.

Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia (Natural History), which became a model for all other encyclopedias. Pliny the Younger, his nephew, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:

For my part I deem those blessed to whom, by favour of the gods, it has been granted either to do what is worth writing of, or to write what is worth reading; above measure blessed those on whom both gifts have been conferred. In the latter number will be my uncle, by virtue of his own and of your compositions.

Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars.

Pliny the Elder died on August 25, AD 79, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family in Stabiae from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius which had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The wind caused by the sixth and largest pyroclastic surge of the eruption would not allow his ship to leave the shore, and Pliny probably died during this event.

Pliny's dates are pinned to the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79 and a statement of his nephew that he died in his 56th year, which would put his birth in AD 23 or 24.