Orange Revolution

Orange Revolution
Part of the Colour Revolutions
Orange-clad demonstrators gather in the Independence Square in Kiev on 22 November 2004
Date	22 November 2004 – 23 January 2005 (2 months and 1 day)
Location	Ukraine, primarily Kiev
Causes	Kuchmagate crisis severely undermined the legitimacy of President Kuchma and "his candidate" and Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych Yanukovych's government was not being credited for economic growth
Goals	Reversal of authorities' attempt to rig the 2004 presidential elections Anti‐oligarch and anti‐corruption measures
Methods	Demonstrations, civil disobedience, civil resistance, strike actions
Result	Revote ordered by the Supreme Court of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko declared winner
Lead figures
Viktor Yushchenko Yulia Tymoshenko Leonid Kuchma Viktor Yanukovych
Number
central Kiev: hundreds of thousands up to one million by some estimates
Casualties
Death(s)	1 man died after suffering a heart attack

The Orange Revolution (Ukrainian: Помаранчева революція, Pomarancheva revolyutsiya) was a series of protests and political events that took place in Ukraine from late November 2004 to January 2005, in the immediate aftermath of the run-off vote of the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election which was claimed to be marred by massive corruption, voter intimidation and direct electoral fraud. Kiev, the Ukrainian capital, was the focal point of the movement's campaign of civil resistance, with thousands of protesters demonstrating daily. Nationwide, the democratic revolution was highlighted by a series of acts of civil disobedience, sit-ins, and general strikes organized by the opposition movement.

The protests were prompted by reports from several domestic and foreign election monitors as well as the widespread public perception that the results of the run-off vote of 21 November 2004 between leading candidates Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych were rigged by the authorities in favour of the latter. The nationwide protests succeeded when the results of the original run-off were annulled, and a revote was ordered by Ukraine's Supreme Court for 26 December 2004. Under intense scrutiny by domestic and international observers, the second run-off was declared to be "fair and free". The final results showed a clear victory for Yushchenko, who received about 52% of the vote, compared to Yanukovych's 44%. Yushchenko was declared the official winner and with his inauguration on 23 January 2005 in Kiev, the Orange Revolution ended.

In the following years, the Orange Revolution had a negative connotation among pro-government circles in Belarus and Russia.

In the 2010 presidential election, Yanukovych became Yushchenko's successor as Ukrainian President after the Central Election Commission and international observers declared that the presidential election was conducted fairly. Yanukovych was ousted from power four years later following the February 2014 Euromaidan clashes in Kiev's Independence Square. Unlike the bloodless Orange Revolution, these protests resulted in more than 100 deaths, occurring mostly between 18 and 20 February.