Operation Stella Polaris

Operation Stella Polaris was the cover name for activity in which Finnish signals intelligence records, equipment and personnel were transported into Sweden after the ending of the Continuation War in 1944 so that the signals intelligence activities could continue in Sweden and the equipment would not end up in the hands of the Soviet Union. The threat of Soviet occupation was considered too likely and an operation was formed to support guerrilla warfare in Finland after occupation. The operation had its base in the small fishing village of Nämpnäs in Närpes, Ostrobothnia, where the archives were shipped to the Swedish ports. The leaders of the operation was Colonel Aladár Paasonen, chief of the Finnish military intelligence, and Colonel Reino Hallamaa, head of the Finnish signals intelligence section.

On 20 September 1944 a very large part of the Finnish signal intelligence was moved to Sweden. From the Swedish side it was Major Carl Petersén, head of the Defense Staff's intelligence section C-byrån, which was responsible for the operation. Approximately 750 people were transported through Finland and were transported on three ships across the Gulf of Bothnia from Närpes to Härnösand and one ship from Uusikaupunki to Gävle. The ships were also loaded with wooden boxes of archives and signals intelligence equipment.

After the Soviet Union ceded parts of Karelia and Salla in Finland after the Moscow Armistice on 19 September 1944, the majority of the Finnish personnel and their families returned home, except those hired by the National Defence Radio Establishment (FRA). They were on their own to cross the border at Torne River in secret. Sweden offered to take over the equipment and some of the documents. The FRA had thus access to technical equipment and seven file boxes, which became important in the foundation of the newly established activities of the FRA.

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