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Operation Shingle

Battle of Anzio
Part of the Winter Line and the battle for Rome of the Italian Campaign of World War II
Landing at Anzio.jpg
Men of the U.S. 3rd Infantry Division landing in late January 1944.
Date 22 January – 5 June 1944
136 days
Location Anzio and Nettuno
41°26′35″N 12°37′30″E / 41.443022°N 12.624979°E / 41.443022; 12.624979Coordinates: 41°26′35″N 12°37′30″E / 41.443022°N 12.624979°E / 41.443022; 12.624979
Result Allied victory
Belligerents
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada
 Germany
 Italian Social Republic
Commanders and leaders
United Kingdom Harold Alexander
United States Mark W. Clark
United States John P. Lucas
United States Lucian K. Truscott
Nazi Germany Albert Kesselring
Nazi Germany Eberhard von Mackensen
Strength
Initially: 36,000 soldiers and 2,300 vehicles
Breakout: 150,000 soldiers and 1,500 guns
Initially: 20,000 German soldiers + five Italian battalions (4,600 soldiers)
Breakout: 135,000 German soldiers + two Italian battalions
Casualties and losses
43,000 casualties
(7,000 killed, 36,000 wounded or missing)
40,000 casualties
(5,000 killed, 30,500 wounded or missing, 4,500 prisoner)
Battle of Anzio is located in Italy
Battle of Anzio
Location within Italy

The Battle of Anzio was a battle of the Italian Campaign of World War II that took place from January 22, 1944, with the Allied amphibious landing known as Operation Shingle to June 5, 1944 with the capture of Rome. The operation was opposed by German forces in the area of Anzio and Nettuno. The operation was initially commanded by Major General John P. Lucas, of the U.S. Army, commanding U.S. VI Corps with the intention being to outflank German forces at the Winter Line and enable an attack on Rome.

The success of an amphibious landing at that location, in a basin consisting substantially of reclaimed marshland and surrounded by mountains, depended on the element of surprise and the swiftness with which the invaders could build up strength and move inland relative to the reaction time and strength of the defenders. Any delay could result in the occupation of the mountains by the defenders and the consequent entrapment of the invaders. Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, commander of the U.S. Fifth Army, understood that risk, but Clark did not pass on his appreciation of the situation to his subordinate, Lucas, who preferred to take time to entrench against an expected counterattack. The initial landing achieved complete surprise with no opposition and a jeep patrol even made it as far as the outskirts of Rome. However, Lucas, who had little confidence in the operation as planned, failed to capitalize on the element of surprise and delaying his advance until he judged his position was sufficiently consolidated and he had sufficient strength.


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