Ontario and Quebec Railway
| Reporting mark | O&Q |
|---|---|
| Locale | Ontario, Canada |
| Dates of operation | 1881–1998 |
| Successor | St. Lawrence and Hudson Railway |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
The Ontario and Quebec Railway (O&Q) was a historic railway located in southern and eastern Ontario, Canada. It was initially chartered in March 1881 by managers of the Canadian Pacific Railway to run between Toronto and Perth, where it would connect, via a short branch line, to the CPR-controlled Brockville and Ottawa Railway. Construction began in 1882, and the line was completed in August 1884.
Starting in 1883, CPR began using the O&Q to build a network in southern Ontario to compete with the Grand Trunk Railway. The O&Q leased the Credit Valley Railway, Toronto Grey & Bruce, London Junction Railway and some sections of the Canada Southern Railway, building an extensive portfolio of routes. In August 1888 they provided a direct through route to Montreal by leasing the Atlantic and North-west Railway and connecting it to the O&Q via an extension from Smiths Falls to the Quebec border. A final major extension was the West Ontario Pacific Railway (WORP), which connected the Credit Valley in to Windsor and the US border. The WOPR opened in 1887, and was immediately leased to the O&Q.
The western end of the O&Q currently forms the CPR mainline from Detroit and Windsor to Toronto, running through Toronto's downtown area and into the CPR Toronto Yard in Scarborough. The route eastward remains in limited use through Peterborough and on to Havelock where it serves several mines and quarries. However, most of the traffic between Toronto and Perth was redirected to a new CPR line running along the shoreline of Lake Ontario, the Campbellford, Lake Ontario and Western Railway. This turns northeast at Kingston to meet the O&Q at Perth, where the original O&Q forms the rest of the CPR mainline to Montreal.
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