One-term congressmen

One-term congressmen are members of the United States House of Representatives that spent only one two-year term (or less) in office usually either due to death, resignation, or defeat. In some rare cases freshmen members have decided to run for another office or not run for reelection. A good many members that serve in the House for only one term are viewed as accidental congressmen due to having been elected in a fluke election or by riding in on the coattails of a popular presidential candidate. Among the most famous one-term congressmen were Abraham Lincoln, who served as a Whig in the 30th Congress of 1847-1849 and was later the 16th President of the United States; John Marshall, who was elected as a Federalist to the 6th Congress and was later the 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court; William Pennington, who served as a Republican in the 36th Congress and was the first sitting Speaker of the House to be defeated in a bid for re-election; Joseph Pulitzer, the famed newspaper man that resigned from office during his first term; George Sutherland, who served as a Republican in the 57th Congress and was later an associate U.S. Supreme Court justice; and William M. "Boss" Tweed, who served as a Democrat to the 33rd Congress and later went on to become infamous for his leadership of Tammany Hall, the dominant political machine in New York City throughout the nineteenth century; and Isidor Straus, the co-owner of Macy's department store who died in the sinking of the Titanic.

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