John Marshall
| John Marshall | |
|---|---|
 |
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| 4th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court | |
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In office January 31, 1801 – July 6, 1835 |
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| Nominated by | John Adams |
| Preceded by | Oliver Ellsworth |
| Succeeded by | Roger Taney |
| 4th United States Secretary of State | |
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In office June 13, 1800 – March 4, 1801 |
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| President | John Adams |
| Preceded by | Timothy Pickering |
| Succeeded by | James Madison |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Virginia's 13th district |
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In office March 4, 1799 – June 6, 1800 |
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| Preceded by | John Clopton |
| Succeeded by | Littleton Tazewell |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
September 24, 1755 Germantown, Virginia, British America |
| Died | July 6, 1835 (aged 79) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Political party | Federalist |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Willis Ambler |
| Children | 10 (including Edward) |
| Education | College of William and Mary |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
 United States
|
| Service/branch | Culpeper Minutemen |
| Rank | Captain |
| Battles/wars | American Revolutionary War |
John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was the fourth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1801–1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and many say made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Previously, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He was Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801.
The longest-serving Chief Justice and the fourth longest-serving justice in U.S. Supreme Court history, Marshall dominated the Court for over three decades (34 years) and played a significant role in the development of the American legal system. Most notably, he reinforced the principle that federal courts are obligated to exercise judicial review, by disregarding purported laws if they violate the constitution. Thus, Marshall cemented the position of the American judiciary as an independent and influential branch of government. Furthermore, Marshall's court made several important decisions relating to federalism, affecting the balance of power between the federal government and the states during the early years of the republic. In particular, he repeatedly confirmed the supremacy of federal law over state law, and supported an expansive reading of the enumerated powers.
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