Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance
| Iraqi Republic Coalition Provisional Authority |
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سلطة الائتلاف المؤقتة هاوپەيمانى دەسەڵاتى كاتى |
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| Transitional government | ||||||||||
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Motto "Security, Liberty, Equality, Justice" |
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Anthem Ardulfurataini Watan (de facto) The Land of the Two Rivers |
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.svg) The CPA exercised its influence
over Iraq. |
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| Capital | Baghdad | |||||||||
| Languages |
Arabic Kurdish English (de facto) |
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| Government | Transitional government | |||||||||
| Administrator | ||||||||||
| • | 2003–2004 |  Paul Bremer |
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| Deputy Administrator | ||||||||||
| • | 2003–2004 | Richard Jones |
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| Legislature | Iraqi Governing Council | |||||||||
| Historical era | Iraq War | |||||||||
| • | Saddam Hussein and Ba'ath Party deposed | 21 April 2003 | ||||||||
| • | Interim government | 28 June 2004 | ||||||||
| Currency | Iraqi dinar | |||||||||
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The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA; Arabic: سلطة الائتلاف المؤقتة) was a transitional government of Iraq established following the invasion of the country on 19 March 2003 by the U.S.-led Multinational Force (or 'the coalition') and the fall of Ba'athist Iraq.
Citing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483 (2003) and the laws of war, the CPA vested itself with executive, legislative, and judicial authority over the Iraqi government from the period of the CPA's inception on 21 April 2003 until its dissolution on 28 June 2004 (14 months, 1 week).
The Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA) was established on 20 January 2003 by the United States government two months before the 2003 invasion of Iraq. It was intended to act as a caretaker administration in Iraq until the creation of a democratically elected civilian government.
Retired United States Army Lieutenant General Jay Garner was appointed as the Director of ORHA, along with three deputies, including British Major-General Tim Cross, in 2003. Upon the dissolution of ORHA and the creation of the CPA, he then became the first chief executive of the CPA. Due to his past military experiences in Iraq during Operation Desert Storm in 1991 and his reconstruction efforts in northern Iraq during Operation Provide Comfort, Garner's credentials and close ties to the U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld made him an obvious choice for the task. His term, however, lasted only from 21 April 2003 until he was replaced abruptly less than a month later by L. Paul Bremer on 11 May 2003.
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