Obersalzberg

Obersalzberg is a mountainside retreat situated above the market town of Berchtesgaden in Bavaria, Germany. Located about 120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Munich, close to the border with Austria, it is best known as the site of Adolf Hitler's former mountain residence, the Berghof (demolished) and of the mountaintop Kehlsteinhaus, popularly known in the English-speaking world as the "Eagle's Nest". The Nazi past of the place is subject of the Dokumentationszentrum Obersalzberg museum opened in 1999.

The name of the settlement area derives from the rock salt deposits in the former Prince-Provostry of Berchtesgaden. Salt mining at Pherg is documented since the 12th century; the place was part of the provostry's eight localities (so-called Gnotschaften) mentioned in the first land register of 1456. From 1517 the Petersberg gallery was built, the first of the Berchtesgaden salt mine which became the economic base of the Prince-provostry. With Berchtesgaden it was securalised in 1803 and passed to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810.

Salzberg was re-established as a Bavarian municipality in 1817. Plans by Nazi authorities to merge it with Berchtesgaden were not carried out and Salzberg was not incorporated into Berchtesgaden until 1972.

In 1877 Mauritia Mayer, a pioneer in terms of Alpine tourism, opened the Pension Moritz boarding house in Obersalzberg. In the late 19th century German intellectuals like Mayer's close friend Richard Voss, artists such as Clara Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Joseph Joachim, Peter Rosegger, Ludwig Ganghofer, Ludwig Knaus, and Franz von Lenbach as well as industrialists like Carl von Linde began using the area as both a summer and winter vacation retreat. The Obersalzberg boarding house was leased to the former racing driver Bruno Büchner in the early 1920s; when he acquired the property in 1928, he renamed it Platterhof inspired by Richard Voss' novel Zwei Menschen.

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